Obstetrics

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Asked: 4 years agoIn: , , ,
Mst. Shapla Khatun

 

 

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abortionaetiologycausesrubrics
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala
    This answer was edited.

    1. Female; abortion, miscarriage; anemia, in 2. Female; abortion, miscarriage; anger, vexation, after 3. Female; abortion, miscarriage; atony of genitals, with 4. Female; abortion, miscarriage; blood poisoning, from 5. Female; abortion, miscarriage; cold, from 6. Female; abortion, miscarriage; cold,Read more

    1. Female; abortion, miscarriage; anemia, in
    2. Female; abortion, miscarriage; anger, vexation, after
    3. Female; abortion, miscarriage; atony of genitals, with
    4. Female; abortion, miscarriage; blood poisoning, from
    5. Female; abortion, miscarriage; cold, from
    6. Female; abortion, miscarriage; cold, from; damp, wet, or
    7. Female; abortion, miscarriage; congestion of uterus, from
    8. Female; abortion, miscarriage; congestion of uterus, from; passive
    9. Female; abortion, miscarriage; congestion of uterus, from; ulceration, with
    10. Female; abortion, miscarriage; cough, from
    11. Female; abortion, miscarriage; cough, from; nervous
    12. Female; abortion, miscarriage; degeneration of placenta, from fatty
    13. Female; abortion, miscarriage; diarrhea, in
    14. Female; abortion, miscarriage; drugs or narcotics, from
    15. Female; abortion, miscarriage; emotions, after
    16. Female; abortion, miscarriage; fever; low, from
    17. Female; abortion, miscarriage; fever; typhoid, from
    18. Female; abortion, miscarriage; gonorrhea, in
    19. Female; abortion, miscarriage; grief, after
    20. Female; abortion, miscarriage; grief, after; suppressed
    21. Female; abortion, miscarriage; hardening, from uterine
    22. Female; abortion, miscarriage; heated, from becoming
    23. Female; abortion, miscarriage; hysteria, in
    24. Female; abortion, miscarriage; inertia of uterus, with
    25. Female; abortion, miscarriage; inflammation, from
    26. Female; abortion, miscarriage; inflammation, from; bladder, of
    27. Female; abortion, miscarriage; inflammation, from; ovaries, of, supervening
    28. Female; abortion, miscarriage; influenza, in
    29. Female; abortion, miscarriage; injuries, after
    30. Female; abortion, miscarriage; instruments, from
    31. Female; abortion, miscarriage; lead poisoning, from, if born the child lives but a year or two
    32. Female; abortion, miscarriage; leucorrhea, in
    33. Female; abortion, miscarriage; leucorrhea, in; profuse
    34. Female; abortion, miscarriage; lifting, after
    35. Female; abortion, miscarriage; nervous sensibility, from
    36. Female; abortion, miscarriage; news, after bad
    37. Female; abortion, miscarriage; nightwatching, after
    38. Female; abortion, miscarriage; non-development of uterus, from
    39. Female; abortion, miscarriage; ovarian complaints, in
    40. Female; abortion, miscarriage; plethora, in
    41. Female; abortion, miscarriage; prolapse of uterus
    42. Female; abortion, miscarriage; prolapse of uterus; after
    43. Female; abortion, miscarriage; prolapse of uterus; rectum, and of
    44. Female; abortion, miscarriage; prolapse of uterus; with
    45. Female; abortion, miscarriage; rheumatic complaints, in
    46. Female; abortion, miscarriage; sadness, from
    47. Female; abortion, miscarriage; septicemia, with threatening
    48. Female; abortion, miscarriage; shock, after mental
    49. Female; abortion, miscarriage; spinal complaints, in
    50. Female; abortion, miscarriage; strain, after
    51. Female; abortion, miscarriage; subinvolution of uterus, with
    52. Female; abortion, miscarriage; syphilis, in
    53. Female; abortion, miscarriage; tendency to
    54. Female; abortion, miscarriage; tendency to; flabby women, in
    55. Female; abortion, miscarriage; tendency to; flabby women, in; feeble venous women
    56. Female; abortion, miscarriage; tendency to; frequent and easy
    57. Female; abortion, miscarriage; tendency to; hemorrhage, with tendency to
    58. Female; abortion, miscarriage; tendency to; hysterical women, in, disposed to faint and chilly
    59. Female; abortion, miscarriage; tendency to; leucorrhea, in
    60. Female; abortion, miscarriage; tendency to; menses, too profuse and too early
    61. Female; abortion, miscarriage; tendency to; neuralgia, in
    62. Female; abortion, miscarriage; tendency to; periodic, every day at same hour; usually from some hardening of uterus
    63. Female; abortion, miscarriage; tendency to; tired and nervous women, in
    64. Female; abortion, miscarriage; tendency to; weakness of uterus, from
    65. Female; abortion, miscarriage; threatening; atonic condition, from
    66. Female; abortion, miscarriage; threatening; cough, from
    67. Female; abortion, miscarriage; thunderstorm, during
    68. Female; abortion, miscarriage; toothache, in
    69. Female; abortion, miscarriage; ulceration of uterus, with
    70. Female; abortion, miscarriage; ulceration of uterus, with; cervix
    71. Female; abortion, miscarriage; unconsciousness, in
    72. Female; abortion, miscarriage; urinary complaints, in
    73. Female; abortion, miscarriage; varices of genitals, with
    74. Female; abortion, miscarriage; vomiting; from
    75. Female; abortion, miscarriage; weakness, debility, from
    76. Female; abortion, miscarriage; weather, in cold, damp, wet
    77. Female; abortion, miscarriage; women; delicate, anemic
    78. Female; abortion, miscarriage; women; dysmenorrhea, with history of
    79. Female; abortion, miscarriage; women; feeble, who have born many children
    80. Female; abortion, miscarriage; women; flabby
    81. Female; abortion, miscarriage; women; leuco-phlegmatic, in
    82. Female; abortion, miscarriage; women; scrawny, sallow, in
    83. Female; abortion, miscarriage; women; tall, slender
    84. Female; leucorrhea; abortion, with tendency to
    85. Female; leucorrhea; pregnancy, in; abortion, with tendency to
    86. Female; prolapse; uterus; abortion, in
    – COMPLETE DYNAMICS 22.5

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Asked: 4 years agoIn: , , , ,
Jannatun Nisha

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mindmind symptomspregnancyrubrics
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Teacher dr.basuriwala

    During pregnancy, some mind symptoms may arise; for them, many symptoms may be valuable for Homoeopathic prescribing in pregnancy. such as:- 1. Mind; absorbed, buried in thought; strange, pregnancy, during 2. Mind; alcoholism, dipsomania; pregnancy, in or after 3. Mind; anger; - pregnancy, in -ailmeRead more

    During pregnancy, some mind symptoms may arise; for them, many symptoms may be valuable for Homoeopathic prescribing in pregnancy. such as:-
    1. Mind; absorbed, buried in thought; strange, pregnancy, during
    2. Mind; alcoholism, dipsomania; pregnancy, in or after
    3. Mind; anger;
    – pregnancy, in
    -ailments from, agg.; pregnancy, in
    4. Mind; anxiety;
    – pregnancy, in
    – dinner; after; pregnancy, in fifth month of
    – fright, fear; after; pregnancy, in seventh month of
    – household matters, about; pregnancy, in
    – sleeplessness, with; pregnancy, in
    5. Mind; change; personality, of, during pregnancy
    6. Mind; company; aversion to; pregnancy, in
    7. Mind; complaining; pregnancy, in, much, but of nothing in particular
    8. Mind; confusion of mind; pregnancy, in
    9. Mind; day-dreaming; pregnancy, about
    10. Mind; death; ailments from, agg.; pregnancy, in
    11. Mind; delirium;
    – pregnancy, in
    – pregnancy, in; itching of genitals, from
    12. Mind; delusions, imaginations;
    – pregnancy, during
    – pregnancy, during; triplets of
    – bed; looks for it in yard, during pregnancy
    – images, phantoms, sees; frightful; pregnancy, in, usually from engorged condition of brain
    – strange; everything is; pregnancy, in
    – ugly, is; pregnancy, in
    13. Mind; desires;
    – full of; pregnancy, in
    – strange things, during pregnancy
    14. Mind; despair;
    – pregnancy, in
    – pain, with; prolapse, in, or hardening of uterus in pregnancy
    15. Mind; discouraged; pregnancy, in
    16. Mind; escape, desire to; pregnancy, in
    17. Mind; excitement, excitable; pregnancy, in
    18. Mind; fancies; strange; pregnancy, in
    19. Mind; fear;
    – pregnancy, in
    – broken the arm of her child, that she has, in gastroenteritis during pregnancy
    – crossing; streets; pregnancy, in
    – death, of; pregnancy, in
    – falling, of; pregnancy, in
    – happen; something will; pregnancy, in
    – jostling against everyone she meets, during pregnancy
    – pregnancy, in; abortion, of, in latter part
    – pregnancy, in; anxiety in heart region, with
    – pregnancy, in; child would be deformed, that
    – pregnancy, in; conception, in false
    – pregnancy, in; continued
    – pregnancy, in; last part of
    – pregnancy, in; paroxysms, during, lasting two or three hours
    – pregnancy, of
    20. Mind; feigning; pregnancy
    21. Mind; friends, aversion to; pregnancy, in
    22. Mind; fright, fear agg., ailments from; pregnancy, in
    23. Mind; haughty, pride; pregnancy, in
    24. Mind; hide; oneself, desire to; pregnancy, in
    25. Mind; hydrophobia; pregnancy, in
    26. Mind; hysteria; pregnancy, delivery, parturition, during
    27. Mind; impatience; pregnancy, in
    28. Mind; indignation; pregnancy, in
    29. Mind; indolence, aversion to work; pregnancy, in
    30. Mind; insanity, madness; pregnancy, in
    31. Mind; irritability;
    – pregnancy, in
    – pregnancy, in; alone, desires to be
    – pregnancy, in; indigestion and sadness, from
    32. Mind; jumping; prolapse or hardening of uterus, pregnancy, in
    33. Mind; loquacity; pregnancy, in
    34. Mind; mania, madness; pregnancy, in
    35. Mind; mood; changeable, variable; pregnancy, as in
    36. Mind; morose, sulky; pregnancy, in
    37. Mind; nymphomania; pregnancy, in
    38. Mind; persons, aversion to; pregnancy, in
    39. Mind; restlessness, nervousness;
    – pregnancy, in
    – pregnancy, in; feverish, and, during last month
    40. Mind; sadness;
    – pregnancy, in
    – pregnancy, in; hemorrhage of uterus, in occasional and cramps
    41. Mind; sensitive, oversensitive; pregnancy, in
    42. Mind; stupefaction, as if intoxicated; pregnancy, in
    43. Mind; suicidal disposition; pregnancy, in
    44. Mind; suspiciousness, mistrustfulness; reserved, and, during pregnancy
    45. Mind; taciturn, indisposed to talk; pregnancy, in
    46. Mind; thoughts;
    – persistent; pregnancy, of
    – strangeness of; pregnancy, in
    47. Mind; unconsciousness, coma;
    – pregnancy, in
    -congestion; with; head, to; pregnancy, in
    48. Mind; unfeeling, hard-hearted; pregnancy, in
    49. Mind; wander, desires to; pregnancy, in
    50. Mind; weeping, tearful mood;
    – pregnancy, in
    – sudden, paroxysmal; pregnancy, as in
    — COMPLETE DYNAMICS 22.5

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Asked: 4 years agoIn: , , ,
Mst. Shapla Khatun

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abortionclassificationsrubricstypes
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala
    This answer was edited.

    1. Female; abortion, miscarriage; early months. 2. Female; abortion, miscarriage; eighth month. 3. Female; abortion, miscarriage; eighth week. 4. Female; abortion, miscarriage; fifth month. 5. Female; abortion, miscarriage; fifth month; sixth month, until. 6. Female; abortion, miscarriage; fifth monRead more

    1. Female; abortion, miscarriage; early months.

    2. Female; abortion, miscarriage; eighth month.

    3. Female; abortion, miscarriage; eighth week.

    4. Female; abortion, miscarriage; fifth month.

    5. Female; abortion, miscarriage; fifth month; sixth month, until.

    6. Female; abortion, miscarriage; fifth month; seventh month, until.

    7. Female; abortion, miscarriage; first month.

    8. Female; abortion, miscarriage; first month; to induce with decoct.

    9. Female; abortion, miscarriage; fourth month.

    10. Female; abortion, miscarriage; fourth month; seventh month, until.

    11. Female; abortion, miscarriage; last months.

    12. Female; abortion, miscarriage; repeating same epoch.

    13. Female; abortion, miscarriage; second month.

    14. Female; abortion, miscarriage; second month; third month, or.

    15. Female; abortion, miscarriage; seventh month.

    16. Female; abortion, miscarriage; seventh month; and a half, fetus expulsed, dead.

    17. Female; abortion, miscarriage; sixth month.

    18. Female; abortion, miscarriage; sixth week.

    19. Female; abortion, miscarriage; third month.

    20. Female; abortion, miscarriage; third month; end of.

    21. Female; abortion, miscarriage; habitual.

    22. Female; abortion, miscarriage; incomplete.

    23. Female; abortion, miscarriage; tendency to; periodic, every day at same hour.

    24. Female; abortion, miscarriage; tendency to; flabby women, in.

    25. Female; abortion, miscarriage; tendency to; flabby women, in; feeble venous women.

    26. Female; abortion, miscarriage; threatening.

    27. Female; abortion, miscarriage; threatening; fourth month.

    28. Female; retained placenta; abortion, after.

    – COMPLETE DYNAMICS 22.7

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Asked: 6 years agoIn: , , , ,
Nasim

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aetiologycausescystitis
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    Cystitis is usually caused by bacteria from poo getting into the tube that carries urine out of your body (urethra). Women have a shorter urethra than men. This means bacteria are more likely to reach the bladder and cause an infection. Things that increase the chance of bacteria getting into the blRead more

    Cystitis is usually caused by bacteria from poo getting into the tube that carries urine out of your body (urethra). Women have a shorter urethra than men. This means bacteria are more likely to reach the bladder and cause an infection. Things that increase the chance of bacteria getting into the bladder include:

    1. Having sex.
    2. Wiping your bottom from back to front after going to the toilet.
    3. Urinary catheters (a tube in your bladder used to drain urine).
    4. Using spermicide with contraception.
    5. Conditions that block the urinary tract, such as kidney stones.
    6. Being pregnant.
    7. Conditions that make it difficult to fully empty the bladder, such as an enlarged prostate gland in men.
    8. Having been through menopause.
    9. Having diabetes.
    10. Having a weakened immune system.

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Asked: 6 years agoIn:
Nasim

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antenatal care
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Teacher dr.basuriwala

    A) Aims of antenatal care are: 1. to monitor the progress of pregnancy in order to ensure maternal health and normal fetal development. 2. to recognise the deviation from the normal and provide management or treatment as required. 3. to ensure that the woman reaches the end of her pregnancy physicalRead more

    A) Aims of antenatal care are:

    1. to monitor the progress of pregnancy in order to ensure maternal health and normal fetal development.

    2. to recognise the deviation from the normal and provide management or treatment as required.

    3. to ensure that the woman reaches the end of her pregnancy physically and emotionally prepared for her delivery.

    4. to identify high risk pregnancy and for their proper management.

    5. to reduce or prevent maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity

    6. to help and support the mother in breast feeding and parenting.

    7. to offer family welfare advices on parenthood.

    B) The objective of Antenatal Care:
    Antenatal-care refers to the care of pregnant women. The main objectives of antenatal-care are:

    Maintenance of health of the mother during pregnancy.
    Promote physical, mental, and social well being of mother and child.
    Ensure delivery of a full-term healthy baby.
    Early detection of high-risk cases and minimize risks by taking appropriate management.
    Prevent the development of complications through health education, adequate nutrition, exercise, vitamin intake, and appropriate medical and pharmaceutical intervention.
    Screening for conditions and diseases such as anemia, STIs, HIV infection, mental health problems, and domestic violence.
    Teach the mother about child care, nutrition, sanitation, and hygiene.
    Decrease maternal and infant mortality and morbidity.
    Remove the stress and worries of the mother regarding the delivery process.
    Provide safe delivery for mother and educate mother about the physiology of pregnancy and labor by demonstrations, charts, and diagrams so that fear is removed and physiology improved.
    Advice family planning and motive the couple about the need for family planning.
    Predict possible problems during pregnancy and provide appropriate treatment.
    Provide information on pregnancy and birth and discuss with the couple about the place, time, and mode of the delivery provisionally and care of the newborn.
    Ensure continued medical surveillance and prophylaxis.
    Advice the mother about breastfeeding, postnatal care, and immunization.
    Advice and support to the woman and her family for developing healthy home behaviors.

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Asked: 6 years agoIn:
Nasim

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antenatal care
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Teacher dr.basuriwala

    WHO recommends a minimum of four antenatal visits based on a review of the effectiveness of different models of antenatal care. WHO guidelines are specific on the content of antenatal care visits, which should include: 1. Blood pressure measurement. 2. Urine testing for bacteriuria and proteinuria.Read more

    WHO recommends a minimum of four antenatal visits based on a review of the effectiveness of different models of antenatal care. WHO guidelines are specific on the content of antenatal care visits, which should include:

    1. Blood pressure measurement.
    2. Urine testing for bacteriuria and proteinuria.
    3. Blood testing to detect syphilis and severe anaemia.
    4. Weight/height measurement (optional).

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Asked: 6 years agoIn:
Nasim

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pregnancy
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Teacher dr.basuriwala

    Hegar's sign is a non-sensitive indication of pregnancy in women — its absence does not exclude pregnancy. It pertains to the features of the cervix and the uterine isthmus. It is demonstrated as a softening in the consistency of the uterus, and the uterus and cervix seem to be two separate regions.Read more

    Hegar’s sign is a non-sensitive indication of pregnancy in women — its absence does not exclude pregnancy. It pertains to the features of the cervix and the uterine isthmus. It is demonstrated as a softening in the consistency of the uterus, and the uterus and cervix seem to be two separate regions.
    The sign is usually present from 4–6 weeks until the 12th week of pregnancy. Hegar’s sign is more difficult to recognize in multiparous women.
    Interpretation: On bimanual examination (two fingers in the anterior fornix and two fingers below the uterus per abdomen), the abdominal and vaginal fingers seem to oppose below the body of the uterus (examination must be gentle to avoid abortion).
    This sign was repeatedly demonstrated and described by Ernst Ludwig Alfred Hegar, a German gynecologist, in 1895. Hegar credited Reinl, one of his assistants, who originally described this sign in 1884.

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Asked: 6 years agoIn:
Nasim

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labour
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Teacher dr.basuriwala

    Labour has three stages: 1. The first stage is when the neck of the womb (cervix) opens to 10cm dilated. 2. The second stage is when the baby moves down through the vagina and is born. 3. The third stage is when the placenta (afterbirth) is delivered. The first stage of labor: dilation Before laborRead more

    Labour has three stages:

    1. The first stage is when the neck of the womb (cervix) opens to 10cm dilated.
    2. The second stage is when the baby moves down through the vagina and is born.
    3. The third stage is when the placenta (afterbirth) is delivered.
    The first stage of labor: dilation
    Before labor starts, your cervix is long and firm. During the first hours of labor, the muscles of the uterus (womb) contract and help shorten and soften the cervix, so that it can dilate (open).
    For first-time mothers, this stage can last from six to 36 hours. During this time you might experience:
    Contractions – some can be quite mild, like a period pain; others can be sharp and strong. Initially, the contractions will be short (between 30 to 40 seconds) and irregular. Once contractions are five minutes apart and a minute or more in length, labor is said to be ‘established’.
    A ‘show’ – the discharge of a plug of mucus that can be thick and stringy or blood-tinged. This may happen the day you go into labor, or up to a week before.
    ‘Breaking of your waters’ – this means the amniotic sac around your baby has ruptured.
    Every labor is different. If you think you could be in labor, the first thing to do is relax and stay calm. The best place for early labor is at home.

    When to ring your lead maternity carer (LMC) or our Labour & Birthing Suite (if you are giving birth at Auckland City Hospital):
    Your contractions are coming every five minutes, lasting longer than 50 seconds, and have been getting stronger for at least two to three hours.
    You have severe or constant abdominal pain with a tight abdomen.
    Your water has broken and it is clear or has a tinge of pink. Put on a sanitary pad and check it after an hour. If it is wet, please ring us.
    Your water has broken and it is green or brown. Call us immediately – you will be advised to come into the hospital.
    If there is a change in the pattern of your baby’s movements.
    You notice any vaginal bleeding – bright red vaginal bleeding is not normal.
    Things to do and try at the hospital:
    Try not to tense up during contractions. Your body is trying to release something, not tighten up.
    Find positions that feel comfortable. Walk the corridors slowly, lean on the walls, use the Swiss ball and La-Z-boy chairs. Try to stay off the bed, unless for a short rest.
    Water is great for relaxation and coping with contractions. If you don’t have use of a pool, try the shower.
    Bring music and a player, if it relaxes or calms you.
    Bring an electric oil burner and use your aromatherapy oil.
    Continue to take refreshments and drink small amounts frequently.
    Phone calls are a distraction from your tasks of giving birth and looking after your new baby. Encourage family and friends to phone one designated person for updates.

    The second stage of labor: your baby
    The second stage of labor begins when the cervix is fully dilated (open) and the baby’s head moves down out of the uterus and into the vagina (or birth canal). Your job at this stage is to push the baby through the birth canal, so you’ll need focused determination and energy.
    The birth of your baby may take 30 minutes to an hour or longer. This second stage could be further extended if you have an epidural.
    A small number of women will require assistance with their births, either by forceps or ventouse (vacuum extraction). The obstetrician will choose which is best for your situation.

    The third stage of labor: the placenta
    The final stage of labor is the delivery of the placenta. There can happen in one of two ways listed below.
    Your LMC can help you to decide which approach would be best for you, taking into consideration your health, how your pregnancy has progressed and the type of labor and birth you experience.

    1. Physiological management
    The physiological third stage means waiting for your placenta to deliver spontaneously with your effort. This may take up to an hour following the birth; while you’re waiting, skin-to-skin with your baby and a first breastfeed will be encouraged.

    2. Active management
    Active management involves injecting an ecbolic (contracting drug) into your leg as your baby’s shoulders are born. The ecbolic speeds up placental separation and your uterus (womb) contracts down to reduce blood loss and ensure your womb remains contracted.

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Asked: 6 years agoIn:
Nasim

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labour
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Teacher dr.basuriwala

    Labor induction (also known as inducing labor is the stimulation of uterine contractions during pregnancy before labor begins on its own to achieve a vaginal birth.

    Labor induction (also known as inducing labor is the stimulation of uterine contractions during pregnancy before labor begins on its own to achieve a vaginal birth.

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