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Asked: 3 months agoIn: , ,
Dr Beauty Akther
Pundit

menopause
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala
    This answer was edited.

    Menopause is a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's reproductive years, typically occurring between ages 45 and 55. Its clinical features can vary widely, but here are the most common ones: 🌡️ Vasomotor Symptoms Hot flashes: Sudden feelings of warmth, often in the face, neck, andRead more

    Menopause is a natural biological process marking the end of a woman’s reproductive years, typically occurring between ages 45 and 55. Its clinical features can vary widely, but here are the most common ones:

    🌡️ Vasomotor Symptoms
    Hot flashes: Sudden feelings of warmth, often in the face, neck, and chest.
    Night sweats: Hot flashes that occur during sleep, often disrupting rest.

    🩸 Menstrual Changes
    Irregular periods: Cycles may become shorter, longer, or skipped entirely.
    Amenorrhea: Complete cessation of menstruation for 12 consecutive months.

    😴 Sleep Disturbances
    Insomnia: Difficulty falling or staying asleep.
    Restless sleep: Frequent awakenings or poor sleep quality.

    😔 Psychological Symptoms
    Mood swings: Irritability, anxiety, or depressive symptoms.
    Memory issues: Difficulty concentrating or “brain fog.”

    💧 Genitourinary Symptoms
    Vaginal dryness: Due to decreased estrogen, leading to discomfort or pain during intercourse.
    Urinary symptoms: Increased frequency, urgency, or risk of urinary tract infections.

    🧠 Cognitive and Neurological Changes
    Forgetfulness: Mild memory lapses or trouble focusing.
    Headaches: Some women report increased frequency or severity.

    🦴 Musculoskeletal and Skin Changes
    Joint pain: Aches and stiffness, especially in the morning.
    Osteoporosis risk: Reduced bone density due to declining estrogen.
    Skin thinning: Loss of elasticity and increased dryness.

    🧍‍♀️ Other Common Features
    Breast tenderness
    Decreased libido
    Hair thinning or loss
    Weight gain or redistribution of body fat

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Asked: 3 months agoIn: , , ,
Dr Beauty Akther
Pundit

emotionmotivationrelationship
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    Here’s a clear, psychology-based explanation of the relationship between motivation and emotion — they’re like two sides of the same coin, constantly influencing each other. 🔄 Interdependence Emotions can drive motivation – Feelings often spark action. For example, excitement about a new opportunityRead more

    Here’s a clear, psychology-based explanation of the relationship between motivation and emotion — they’re like two sides of the same coin, constantly influencing each other.

    🔄 Interdependence
    Emotions can drive motivation – Feelings often spark action. For example, excitement about a new opportunity can push you to work harder, while fear of failure can motivate preparation.
    Motivation can shape emotions – Achieving a goal can produce joy and pride, while failing to meet one can lead to disappointment or frustration.

    🧠 Shared Biological Basis
    Both are regulated by overlapping brain structures (e.g., the limbic system, hypothalamus) and involve similar physiological responses like changes in heart rate, hormone release, and arousal levels.
    Neurotransmitters such as dopamine play roles in both reward-driven motivation and positive emotional states.

    🎯 Goal-Directed Behavior
    Motivation provides the energy and direction for behavior — the “why” behind actions.
    Emotion provides the intensity and urgency — the “fuel” that can accelerate or hinder progress toward goals.

    📈 Dynamic Feedback Loop
    Positive emotions (e.g., pride, satisfaction) reinforce motivation, making you more likely to repeat the behavior.
    Negative emotions (e.g., anxiety, guilt) can either dampen motivation or, in some cases, push you to change strategies and try harder.

    ✅ In essence: Motivation and emotion are deeply intertwined — emotions often initiate and energize motivation, while motivation and its outcomes generate new emotional experiences. This cycle shapes decision-making, performance, and overall well-being.

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Asked: 3 months agoIn: , , ,
Dr Beauty Akther
Pundit

factorslearning
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    Here’s a well-organized breakdown of the main factors that influence learning in psychology, along with examples for clarity. 1️⃣ Physiological (Biological) Factors These relate to the learner’s physical condition and biological readiness. Health & Nutrition – Good physical health and proper nutRead more

    Here’s a well-organized breakdown of the main factors that influence learning in psychology, along with examples for clarity.

    1️⃣ Physiological (Biological) Factors

    These relate to the learner’s physical condition and biological readiness.

    Health & Nutrition – Good physical health and proper nutrition improve concentration and memory; malnutrition or illness can hinder learning.
    Age & Maturation – Certain skills are easier to learn at specific developmental stages.
    Fatigue – Physical or mental tiredness reduces efficiency.
    Sensory abilities – Clear vision, hearing, and other senses are essential for effective perception.
    Brain and nervous system health – Neurological conditions can affect learning speed and retention.

    2️⃣ Psychological Factors

    These involve mental and emotional states that shape how we process and retain information.

    Readiness – Being mentally prepared to learn a skill or concept.
    Interest – Motivation increases when the learner finds the subject engaging.
    Intelligence – Cognitive ability to understand and apply concepts.
    Motivation – Internal (intrinsic) or external (extrinsic) drive to learn.
    Attitude & Mindset – Positive attitudes foster persistence; negative attitudes can block progress.
    Emotional stability – Anxiety, fear, or frustration can interfere with focus and memory.
    Aptitude – Natural ability or talent in a specific area.

    3️⃣ Environmental Factors

    The surroundings in which learning takes place.

    Physical environment – Lighting, ventilation, seating, and noise levels affect concentration.
    Learning resources – Availability of books, technology, and materials.
    Class size & peer influence – Smaller groups may allow more individual attention; peers can motivate or distract.
    Home environment – Supportive family atmosphere encourages learning.

    4️⃣ Instructional (Teaching) Factors

    How the learning material is presented and guided.

    Teaching methods – Interactive, clear, and engaging methods enhance understanding.
    Teacher’s skill & personality – Enthusiasm, clarity, and empathy make a difference.
    Feedback & reinforcement – Timely feedback helps correct mistakes and reinforce correct responses.
    Pacing & organization – Well-structured lessons match the learner’s ability level.

    ✅ Key takeaway: Learning is not determined by a single factor—it’s the result of an interaction between the learner’s body, mind, environment, and the way information is delivered.

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Asked: 3 months agoIn: , , ,
Dr Beauty Akther
Pundit

learning
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    In psychology, learning is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior, knowledge, skills, or attitudes that occurs as a result of experience, practice, or study. 🔍 Key Points in the Definition Relatively permanent – The change lasts over time, not just a temporary shift caused by fatigue,Read more

    In psychology, learning is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior, knowledge, skills, or attitudes that occurs as a result of experience, practice, or study.

    🔍 Key Points in the Definition
    Relatively permanent – The change lasts over time, not just a temporary shift caused by fatigue, drugs, or mood.
    Experience-based – It happens through interaction with the environment, observation, or instruction.
    Behavioral or cognitive – It can involve visible actions (e.g., riding a bike) or internal processes (e.g., problem-solving).
    Not purely innate – Unlike reflexes or instincts, learning is acquired rather than inborn.

    ✅ Example:
    A child who touches a hot stove and gets burned learns to avoid touching it in the future—this change in behavior is due to experience, not instinct.

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Asked: 3 months agoIn: , , ,
Dr Beauty Akther
Pundit

classicalconditioning
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    Classical conditioning—also called Pavlovian or respondent conditioning—is a type of learning in which an organism forms an association between two stimuli, so that one stimulus comes to elicit a response that was originally triggered only by the other stimulus. 🧠 Origins & Key Experiments DiscoRead more

    Classical conditioning—also called Pavlovian or respondent conditioning—is a type of learning in which an organism forms an association between two stimuli, so that one stimulus comes to elicit a response that was originally triggered only by the other stimulus.

    🧠 Origins & Key Experiments
    Discovered by Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936), a Russian physiologist, while studying digestion in dogs.
    Pavlov noticed that dogs began to salivate not only when food was presented, but also when they saw the lab assistant or heard footsteps—signals that food was coming.
    Through controlled experiments, he paired a neutral stimulus (e.g., a bell) with an unconditioned stimulus (food) that naturally caused salivation.
    After repeated pairings, the bell alone caused salivation—showing that learning had occurred.

    🔍 Core Concepts
    Term Meaning Example
    Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) Naturally triggers a response Food
    Unconditioned Response (UCR) Natural, unlearned reaction Salivation to food
    Neutral Stimulus (NS) Initially produces no response Bell before training
    Conditioned Stimulus (CS) NS after association with UCS Bell after training
    Conditioned Response (CR) Learned reaction to CS Salivation to bell

    📈 Stages of Classical Conditioning
    Before Conditioning – UCS → UCR; NS → no response
    During Conditioning – NS + UCS → UCR (association forms)
    After Conditioning – CS → CR

    🔄 Related Processes
    Acquisition – Learning the association between CS and UCS
    Extinction – CR weakens when CS is repeatedly presented without UCS
    Spontaneous Recovery – CR reappears after a pause
    Generalization – Similar stimuli to CS trigger CR
    Discrimination – Learning to respond only to the specific CS

    🎯 Applications
    Therapy – Treating phobias via systematic desensitization
    Advertising – Pairing products with positive imagery or music
    Education – Creating positive classroom associations
    Animal training – Teaching cues linked to rewards

    In essence: Classical conditioning explains how involuntary responses—like fear, salivation, or emotional reactions—can be learned through repeated associations. It’s a cornerstone of behavioral psychology and still shapes modern therapy, marketing, and education.

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