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Asked: 3 years agoIn: Health, Public Health

What are the changing concepts of health?

Nasim
Nasim

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  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir
    Dr Md shahriar kabir Begginer dr.basuriwala
    Added an answer about 11 months ago

    The changing concepts of health have been categorized as follows: 1. Biomedical concept. 2. Ecological concept. 3. Psychological concept. 4. Holistic concept.

    The changing concepts of health have been categorized as follows:
    1. Biomedical concept.
    2. Ecological concept.
    3. Psychological concept.
    4. Holistic concept.

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Asked: 2 months agoIn: Education, Forensic Medicine, Health, Psychology, Public Health, Research Methodology

Mention the name of clinical psychology related discipline.

Dr Beauty Akther
Dr Beauty Akther Begginer

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  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir
    Dr Md shahriar kabir Begginer dr.basuriwala
    Added an answer about 2 months ago

    Sure! Here are some clinical psychology-related disciplines: 1. Counseling Psychology: Focuses on providing therapeutic interventions and support to individuals dealing with emotional, behavioral, and psychological challenges. 2. Psychotherapy: A broader discipline that involves various therapeuticRead more

    Sure! Here are some clinical psychology-related disciplines:

    1. Counseling Psychology: Focuses on providing therapeutic interventions and support to individuals dealing with emotional, behavioral, and psychological challenges.

    2. Psychotherapy: A broader discipline that involves various therapeutic approaches to help individuals address mental health issues and improve well-being.

    3. Child Psychology: Specializes in understanding and treating psychological issues specific to children and adolescents.

    4. Forensic Psychology: Involves the application of psychological principles and techniques within the legal and criminal justice system.

    5. Health Psychology: Explores the psychological factors that influence health and well-being, and how behavioral interventions can improve medical outcomes.

    6. Neuropsychology: Studies the relationship between brain function and behavior, often working with individuals who have experienced brain injuries or neurological disorders.

    7. Geriatric Psychology: Focuses on mental health and cognitive issues affecting the elderly population.

    8. Addiction Psychology: Specializes in understanding and treating substance abuse and behavioral addictions.

    9. Clinical Social Work: A discipline that combines social work principles with psychological counseling to support individuals and families.

    10. Psychiatry: A medical specialty that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illnesses, often involving medication management.

    These disciplines work together to address a wide range of psychological issues and provide support for individuals seeking mental health care.

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Asked: 5 months agoIn: Disease, Health, Public Health, Repertory

What is barotrauma? What is the Homoeopathic medicine for this problem?

Dr Beauty Akther
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  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir
    Dr Md shahriar kabir Enlightened dr.basuriwala
    Added an answer about 5 months ago
    This answer was edited.

    Hearing loss or reduced hearing capacity after an airplane journey is common and is known as airplane ear or barotrauma. It usually occurs due to the changes in air pressure during take-off and landing of the airplane. These changes cause unequal pressure in the middle ear, leading to discomfort andRead more

    Hearing loss or reduced hearing capacity after an airplane journey is common and is known as airplane ear or barotrauma. It usually occurs due to the changes in air pressure during take-off and landing of the airplane. These changes cause unequal pressure in the middle ear, leading to discomfort and temporary hearing loss.
    The Homeopathic medicine for this problem is ARNICA MONTAINA.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: Health, Pathology, Public Health

What are the components of innate immunity?

Nasim
Nasim

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componentsimmunityinnate immunity
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  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir
    Dr Md shahriar kabir Begginer dr.basuriwala
    Added an answer about 9 months ago

    The innate immune system comprises four main components that help in defense action. Let us look at them in detail. 1. Anatomical Barriers of Innate Immunity The anatomical barrier of innate immunity involves mechanical, chemical, and biological barriers that act as the first line of defense againstRead more

    The innate immune system comprises four main components that help in defense action. Let us look at them in detail.

    1. Anatomical Barriers of Innate Immunity
    The anatomical barrier of innate immunity involves mechanical, chemical, and biological barriers that act as the first line of defense against the pathogen.

    Mechanical barriers of innate immunity: Mechanical barriers or physical barriers block the entry of pathogens into the body physically. Skin is the first mechanical barrier that makes the entry of pathogens difficult because of the epidermis. Hair, an accessory organ on the skin, also prevents the entry of pathogens.
    Mucous membranes in the urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory tract are also mechanical barriers.

    Chemical barriers of innate immunity: Chemical barriers block entry of pathogens at body openings and inner body surfaces. Examples of chemical barriers include sweat, breast milk, mucus, saliva, tears, and semen. Vaginal secretion is acidic in nature and is not endured by pathogens. Semen has zinc which is intolerable by pathogens. The digestive juices produced in the stomach also kill foreign invaders.
    Biological barriers of innate immunity: There are a number of harmless bacteria that live inside our urinary, gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts that make the environment inhospitable for pathogens or harmful bacteria to survive in our body.
    2. Cellular Response
    The cellular response of the innate immune system involves different kinds of leukocytes that kill pathogens by phagocytosis. These leukocytes circulate in the blood and single-handedly kill the pathogens that invade our bodies.

    Phagocytosis is an important cellular process where a cell engulfs larger and more harmful particles by extending its plasma membrane. In this process, the phagocytic cell extends its plasma membrane to envelope the pathogen inside it and form a vesicle called a phagosome. The phagosome then fused with the lysosome, together known as the phagolysosome. Acids and digestive enzymes secreted from the lysosome kill the pathogens.

    The cells involved in phagocytosis include neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells.

    3. Blood Proteins
    The liver cells or hepatocytes produce a range of proteins that destroy the invading pathogens. These proteins are produced as a result of the complement system. The complement system is a biochemical cascade that complements the ability of antibodies to kill pathogens. The proteins of the complement system work in the following ways:

    They help in the recruitment of inflammatory cells.
    They coat the surface of the pathogen, making it an easy target for destruction.
    It forms a hole in the pathogen cell wall, causing its cytolysis and destruction.
    It filters the neutralized antibody-antigen complexes out of the body.
    4. Inflammatory Response
    The inflammatory response is observed when a pathogen is able to break anatomical barriers and enter our body. Inflammation is recognized as redness, swelling, pain, and loss of function in the infected area. It is triggered by chemicals such as histamine and cytokines that are secreted by injured cells or immune system cells such as macrophages.

    These chemicals recruit tissue-repairing proteins and pathogen-destroying leukocytes to the site of injury for pathogen-killing and tissue repair. Some cytokines are anti-viral in nature such that they block the protein synthesis in host cells which is a prerequisite for the virus to survive and divide.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: Health, Pathology, Public Health

What are the different types of immunity?

Nasim
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  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir
    Dr Md shahriar kabir Begginer dr.basuriwala
    Added an answer about 11 months ago

    Humans have three types of immunity: (innate, adaptive, and passive) 1. Innate immunity: Everyone is born with innate (or natural) immunity, a type of general protection. For example, the skin acts as a barrier to block germs from entering the body. And the immune system recognizes when certain invaRead more

    Humans have three types of immunity: (innate, adaptive, and passive)

    1. Innate immunity: Everyone is born with innate (or natural) immunity, a type of general protection. For example, the skin acts as a barrier to block germs from entering the body. And the immune system recognizes when certain invaders are foreign and could be dangerous.
    2. Adaptive immunity: Adaptive (or active) immunity develops throughout our lives. We develop adaptive immunity when we’re exposed to diseases or when we’re immunized against them with vaccines.
    3. Passive immunity: Passive immunity is “borrowed” from another source and it lasts for a short time. For example, antibodies in a mother’s breast milk give a baby temporary immunity to diseases to which the mother has been exposed.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: Analytics, Disease, Health, Public Health

What is ice-berg phenomenon of disease?

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  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir
    Dr Md shahriar kabir Begginer dr.basuriwala
    Added an answer about 11 months ago

    The Iceberg phenomenon of disease gives a picture of the spectrum of diseases in a community. The visible part of the iceberg denotes the clinically apparent cases of a disease in the community. The part of the iceberg below the water level denoted the latent, subclinical, undiagnosed, and carrier sRead more

    The Iceberg phenomenon of disease gives a picture of the spectrum of diseases in a community. The visible part of the iceberg denotes the clinically apparent cases of a disease in the community. The part of the iceberg below the water level denoted the latent, subclinical, undiagnosed, and carrier status in the community, which forms the major part. The hidden part is especially important in diseases like hypertension, diabetes, and malnutrition. Some diseases exhibiting iceberg phenomenon:

    1. Diabetes.
    2. Hypertension.
    3. Malnutrition.
    4. Polio.
    5. Leprosy.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: Analytics, Disease, Health, Microbiology, Pathology, Public Health

What are the Natural history of disease?

Nasim
Nasim

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  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir
    Dr Md shahriar kabir Begginer dr.basuriwala
    Added an answer about 11 months ago

    Natural history of disease refers to the progression of a disease process in an individual over time, in the absence of treatment. For example, untreated infection with HIV causes a spectrum of clinical problems beginning at the time of seroconversion (primary HIV) and terminating with AIDS and usuaRead more

    Natural history of disease refers to the progression of a disease process in an individual over time, in the absence of treatment. For example, untreated infection with HIV causes a spectrum of clinical problems beginning at the time of seroconversion (primary HIV) and terminating with AIDS and usually death. It is now recognized that it may take 10 years or more for AIDS to develop after seroconversion. Many, if not most, diseases have a characteristic natural history, although the time frame and specific manifestations of the disease may vary from individual to individual and are influenced by preventive and therapeutic measures.
    The process begins with the appropriate exposure to or accumulation of factors sufficient for the disease process to begin in a susceptible host. For an infectious disease, the exposure is a microorganism. For cancer, the exposure may be a factor that initiates the process, such as asbestos fibers or components in tobacco smoke (for lung cancer), or one that promotes the process, such as estrogen (for endometrial cancer).

    After the disease process has been triggered, pathological changes then occur without the individual being aware of them. This stage of subclinical disease, extending from the time of exposure to the onset of disease symptoms, is usually called the incubation period for infectious diseases, and the latency period for chronic diseases. During this stage, the disease is said to be asymptomatic (no symptoms) or inapparent. This period may be as brief as seconds for hypersensitivity and toxic reactions to as long as decades for certain chronic diseases. Even for a single disease, the characteristic incubation period has a range. For example, the typical incubation period for hepatitis A is as long as 7 weeks. The latency period for leukemia to become evident among survivors of the atomic bomb blast in Hiroshima ranged from 2 to 12 years, peaking at 6–7 years. Incubation periods for selected exposures and diseases vary from minute to decade.

    Although the disease is not apparent during the incubation period, some pathologic changes may be detectable with laboratory, radiographic, or other screening methods. Most screening programs attempt to identify the disease process during this phase of its natural history since intervention at this early stage is likely to be more effective than treatment given after the disease has progressed and become symptomatic.

    The onset of symptoms marks the transition from subclinical to clinical disease. Most diagnoses are made during the stage of clinical disease. In some people, however, the disease process may never progress to a clinically apparent illness. In others, the disease process may result in illness that ranges from mild to severe or fatal. This range is called the spectrum of disease. Ultimately, the disease process ends either in recovery, disability, or death.

    For an infectious agent, infectivity refers to the proportion of exposed persons who become infected. Pathogenicity refers to the proportion of infected individuals who develop the clinically apparent disease. Virulence refers to the proportion of clinically apparent cases that are severe or fatal.

    Because the spectrum of disease can include asymptomatic and mild cases, the cases of illness diagnosed by clinicians in the community often represent only the tip of the iceberg. Many additional cases may be too early to diagnose or may never progress to the clinical stage. Unfortunately, persons with inapparent or undiagnosed infections may nonetheless be able to transmit the infection to others. Such persons who are infectious but have subclinical diseases are called carriers. Frequently, carriers are persons with incubating disease or inapparent infection. Persons with measles, hepatitis A, and several other diseases become infectious a few days before the onset of symptoms. However, carriers may also be persons who appear to have recovered from their clinical illness but remain infectious, such as chronic carriers of the hepatitis B virus, or persons who never exhibited symptoms. The challenge to public health workers is that these carriers, unaware that they are infected and infectious to others, are sometimes more likely to unwittingly spread infection than are people with an obvious illness.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: Health, Public Health

What are the health indicators?

Nasim
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  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir
    Dr Md shahriar kabir Begginer dr.basuriwala
    Added an answer about 11 months ago

    The Leading Health Indicators are a select subset of 26 Healthy People 2020 objectives across 12 topics: 1. Access to Health Services: - Persons with medical insurance. - Persons with a usual primary care provider. 2. Clinical Preventive Services: - Adults receiving colorectal cancer screening basedRead more

    The Leading Health Indicators are a select subset of 26 Healthy People 2020 objectives across 12 topics:

    1. Access to Health Services:
    – Persons with medical insurance.
    – Persons with a usual primary care provider.

    2. Clinical Preventive Services:
    – Adults receiving colorectal cancer screening based on the most recent guidelines.
    – Adults with hypertension whose blood pressure is under control.
    – Persons with diagnosed diabetes whose A1c value is greater than 9%.
    – Children receiving the recommended doses of DTaP, polio, MMR, Hib, HepB, varicella, and PCV vaccines by age 19–35 months.

    3. Environmental Quality:
    – Air Quality Index >100.
    -Children exposed to secondhand smoke.

    4. Injury and Violence:
    – Injury deaths.
    – Homicides.

    5. Maternal Infant and Child Health:
    – All Infant deaths.
    – Total preterm live births.

    6. Mental Health:
    – Suicide.
    – Adolescents with a major depressive episode in the past 12 months.

    7. Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity:
    – Adults meeting aerobic physical activity and muscle-strengthening objectives.
    – Obesity among adults.
    – Obesity among children and adolescents.
    – Mean daily intake of total vegetables.

    8. Oral Health:
    – Children, adolescents, and adults who visited the dentist in the past year.

    9. Reproductive and Sexual Health:
    – Sexually active females receiving reproductive health services.
    – Knowledge of serostatus among HIV-positive persons.

    10. Social Determinants:
    – Students graduating from high school 4 years after starting 9th grade.

    11. Substance Abuse:
    – Adolescents using alcohol or illicit drugs in the past 30 days.
    – Binge drinking in the past month—Adults.

    12. Tobacco:
    – Adult cigarette smoking.
    – Adolescent cigarette smoking in the past 30 days.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: Health, Public Health

What are the different dimensions of health?

Nasim
Nasim

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dimensions of healthhealth
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  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir
    Dr Md shahriar kabir Begginer dr.basuriwala
    Added an answer about 11 months ago

    There are five main aspects of personal health: 1. Physical. 2. Emotional. 3. Social. 4. Spiritual, and 5. Intellectual.

    There are five main aspects of personal health:
    1. Physical.
    2. Emotional.
    3. Social.
    4. Spiritual, and
    5. Intellectual.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: Case taking, Disease, Health, Homoeopathic philosophy, Homoeopathy, Miasma, Microbiology, Organon, Pathology, Public Health, Repertory

What is immunity?

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Nasim

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  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir
    Dr Md shahriar kabir Pundit dr.basuriwala
    Added an answer about 3 years ago

    Immunity can be defined as a complex biological system endowed with the capacity to recognize and tolerate whatever belongs to the self and to recognize and reject what is foreign (non-self).

    Immunity can be defined as a complex biological system endowed with the capacity to recognize and tolerate whatever belongs to the self and to recognize and reject what is foreign (non-self).

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