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Asked: 3 years agoIn:
ashfaq ahmed
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boenninghausen repertory
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    In short, The Boenninghausen Repertory is a homeopathic repertory that was developed by Dr. Clemens von Boenninghausen, a student of Hahnemann, based on the concept of complete symptom and concomitance. It is a concise and logical repertory that uses a unique structure of grading remedies accordingRead more

    In short, The Boenninghausen Repertory is a homeopathic repertory that was developed by Dr. Clemens von Boenninghausen, a student of Hahnemann, based on the concept of complete symptom and concomitance. It is a concise and logical repertory that uses a unique structure of grading remedies according to their degree of similarity to the case. However, it also has some limitations that may affect its applicability and reliability in some situations. Some of the limitations are:

    1. It does not include many mental symptoms, as Boenninghausen believed that they were not essential for prescribing, unless they were very characteristic or peculiar. This may make it difficult to use the repertory for cases where the mental state is prominent or important.
    2. It does not have many sub-rubrics or specifications for the modalities, locations, sensations, and concomitants of the symptoms. This may make it challenging to find the most suitable remedy for cases where the details are significant or distinctive.
    3. It does not contain many new remedies that have been proved or clinically verified after Boenninghausen’s time. This may limit the scope of the repertory for cases where the modern remedies are indicated or preferable.
    4. It does not follow the Hahnemannian method of case-taking and analysis, as Boenninghausen adopted a different approach based on his own experience and observation. This may create some inconsistency or confusion for homeopaths who follow the original teachings of Hahnemann.
    5. It does not provide any explanation or reference for the source of the symptoms or the grading of the remedies. This may affect the accuracy and credibility of the repertory for cases where the origin or reliability of the information is questionable.
    6. Limited no. of medicine.
    7. Concomitants are not mentioned properly.
    8. No indexing of chapter.
    9. No separate heading for some chapter.
    10 Well proved medicine are not given.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: , ,
ashfaq ahmed
Begginer

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false chronic diseasetrue chronic disease
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    True/miasmatic chronic diseases are the diseases that originate from a chronic miasm, which is a dynamic infection that affects the vital force and produces a morbid disposition in the organism. There are three primary miasms: psora, sycosis, and syphilis. These miasms are the fundamental causes ofRead more

    True/miasmatic chronic diseases are the diseases that originate from a chronic miasm, which is a dynamic infection that affects the vital force and produces a morbid disposition in the organism. There are three primary miasms: psora, sycosis, and syphilis. These miasms are the fundamental causes of all chronic diseases.

    False chronic disease are the diseases that patients bring upon themselves because of prolonged and continual exposure to the avoidable maintaining causes. False chronic diseases are not true chronic diseases because there is no chronic miasm in the background. These are also called as pseudo chronic or inappropriately named chronic diseases.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: , , ,
ashfaq ahmed
Begginer

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nephrolithiasisrenal calculusrenal stone
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    @ashfaq ahmed Nephrolithiasis is a medical condition that refers to the formation of kidney stones in the urinary tract . Kidney stones are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys. They can cause a variety of symptoms, including severe pain in the back, flank, or groin,Read more

    ashfaq ahmed
    Nephrolithiasis is a medical condition that refers to the formation of kidney stones in the urinary tract . Kidney stones are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys. They can cause a variety of symptoms, including severe pain in the back, flank, or groin, nausea and vomiting, blood in the urine, fever and chills (if an infection is present), and painful or frequent urination. The most common symptom is severe pain in the back, flank, or groin that comes and goes in waves.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: , , , ,
ashfaq ahmed
Begginer

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nephrolithiasisrenal calculusrenal stone
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    @ashfaq ahmed Nephrolithiasis, also known as kidney stones, can cause a variety of symptoms. The most common symptom is: 1. Severe pain in the back, flank, or groin that comes and goes in waves. Pain may be felt in the belly area or side of the back, below the ribs . Pain may move to the groin areaRead more

    ashfaq ahmed
    Nephrolithiasis, also known as kidney stones, can cause a variety of symptoms. The most common symptom is:
    1. Severe pain in the back, flank, or groin that comes and goes in waves. Pain may be felt in the belly area or side of the back, below the ribs . Pain may move to the groin area (groin pain), testicles (testicle pain) in men, and labia (vaginal pain) in women. Pain that comes in waves and fluctuates in intensity. Pain caused by a kidney stone may change for instance, shifting to a different location or increasing in intensity as the stone moves through your urinary tract.
    2. Pain or burning sensation while urinating
    3. Nausea and vomiting.
    4. Abnormal urine color (Pink, red or brown urine) or Cloudy or foul-smelling urine.
    5. Blood in the urine.
    6. Fever and chills (if an infection is present).
    7. Painful or frequent urination.
    8. A persistent need to urinate, urinating more often than usual or urinating in small amounts.
    9. More vague pain or stomach ache that doesn’t go away.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: , , ,
ashfaq ahmed
Begginer

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classificationsnephrolithiasisrenal calculusrenal stonetypes
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    @ashfaq ahmed Renal calculi, also known as kidney stones, are solid masses that form in the urinary tract. There are different types of renal calculi, each with its own unique features. Here are the four main types of renal calculi and their features: 1. Calcium stones: These are the most common typRead more

    ashfaq ahmed
    Renal calculi, also known as kidney stones, are solid masses that form in the urinary tract. There are different types of renal calculi, each with its own unique features. Here are the four main types of renal calculi and their features:

    1. Calcium stones: These are the most common type of renal calculi, accounting for up to (61-75)% of all cases. They are composed of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate and can be caused by a variety of factors such as high levels of calcium in the urine, dehydration, and certain medications. Appearance: Envelope or dumbbell shaped. Presentation age: In any age. Approx. ratio men vs women: 2:1 . Recurrence: 38%

    2. Uric acid stones: These stones are formed when there is an excess of uric acid in the urine. They account for 95-15)% of all renal calculi cases. Uric acid stones are often softer than other types of stones and can be dissolved with medication. Appearance: Amorphous or wedge shaped. Presentation age: In any age. Approx. ratio men vs women: 1:2 . Recurrence: 43%

    3. Struvite stones: These stones are also known as infection stones because they are caused by urinary tract infections. They account for (5-15)% of all renal calculi cases. Struvite stones can grow quickly and become quite large, sometimes filling the entire kidney. Appearance: Coffin-lid shaped. Presentation age: In any age. Approx. ratio men vs women: 1:3 . Recurrence: 41%

    4. Cystine stones: These stones are rare and hereditary. They account for only (1-2)% of all renal calculi cases. Cystine stones are caused by a genetic disorder that affects the way the body processes certain amino acids. Appearance: Hexagon shaped. Presentation age: most frequently in 0-20 age. Approx. ratio men vs women: 2:1. Recurrence: 89%

    5. Uric acid: They account for only (10-15)% of all renal calculi cases. Appearance: Rhomboid shaped. Presentation age: most frequently in 60-65 age. Approx. ratio men vs women: 4:1. Recurrence: 51%

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Asked: 3 years agoIn:
ashfaq ahmed
Begginer

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classificationstypes
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Best Answer
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    A) Level. 1 (external formatting) 1. Book Repertories 2. Card Repertories 3. Software Packages B) Level. 2 (Internal formatting) Based on the internal formatting they are divided in: 1. Puritan group 2. Logical utilitarian group Puritan group – They are called so because the purity of the language oRead more

    A) Level. 1 (external formatting)
    1. Book Repertories
    2. Card Repertories
    3. Software Packages

    B) Level. 2 (Internal formatting) Based on the internal formatting they are divided in:

    1. Puritan group
    2. Logical utilitarian group
    Puritan group – They are called so because the purity of the language of the drug proving is maintained. They are used for the purpose of reference and not for systemic repertorisation. They help us to refer the symptoms without much variations in the language of the provers. Thes repertories are analogues to the index of the symptoms as they are presented in the materia medica.
    Kneer repertory
    Gentry’s repertory

    logical utilitarian group – are called so because of their arrangement and their utility value, they have distinct principles of their own.
    In this repertories the symptoms may not be found in the language of the materiamedica, but the symptoms change their forms to fit in to the arrangement of the repertories.
    Eg. Kent’s repertory
    Synthesis.

    C) Level. 3 Group characteristics
    The classification made on the basis of group characteristics is the most pragmatic one for selecting the repertory according to the demands of the case.

    1. General repertories
    Based on deductive logic
    Eg. Kent’s repertory
    Based on inductive logic
    Eg. Therapeutic pocket book
    Based on Clinical approach
    Eg. Repertory to Homoeopathic MM by Oscar E Boerick

    2. Regional repertories
    Dealing with the organs
    Eg. Berridges Repertory to Eye
    Dealing with the system
    Eg. Morgan’s repertory to urinary organs

    3. Particular repertories
    Dealing with particular states
    Eg. Repertory to time modalities
    Dealing with the particular diseased condition
    Eg.Repertory of diarrhoea By Bell james

    4. Alphabetical repertories
    The symptoms are arranged in alphabetical order
    Eg. Repertory to Homoeopathic MM By Pathak

    5. Concordance repertories
    Repertory of Concordance by Kneer

    6. Comparative repertories
    Comparative repertory of Hom.MM by Docks & Kockelenberg

    7. Pathogenic repertory
    Repertory to Cyclopedia of drug pathogenesy by Richard Huges

    8. Reference repertories
    Select your remedy by Biswamber das

    9. Therapeutic digests
    Raue’s special pathology & therapeutics

    10. Card repertories
    Kishore’s cards

    11. Computer repertories
    Cara,Radar,Hompath

    GENERAL REPERTORIES
    The general repertories are logical utilitarian repertories
    Useful for individualization as desired by the principles of Homoeopathy
    They facilitate the adapt ion of general symptom for repertorisation.

    3 major groups

    1. Based on deductive logic
    Here the generals are given prime importance, then follows characteristics particulars. The analysis of the case for these repertories is also based on the premise of the deductive logic, where the generals symptoms are given higher ranking than the particular symptoms.
    Eg. Kent’s repertory, Synthesis
    Synthetic repertory also adopted the principles of deductive logic but do not included particular symptoms, it deals exclusively with particular symptoms.

    2. Based on inductive logic
    Means from particulars to generals
    In these repertories the different elements of a symptom like location sensation modality & concomitants can be brought together on the basis of certain constants & and a general symptom can be constructed .The resulting general symptom is called a Synthetic general
    When there is a particular sensation that is expressed at more than two location at any given time, the sensation can be elevated to the level of a general symptom, provided the modalities remain the same for all the locations expressing that sensation. If a concomitant is also present the generalization become stronger
    Eg. TPB is based on doctrine of analogy & concomitant Boger’s repertory operates on complete symptom Synoptic key by Boger give important to pathological generals

    3.Clinical repertories
    These repertories have many clinical rubrics under different systems, and the medicines are given against the name of the disease.
    As in the general repertories the clinical repertories also cover the therapeutic information for the whole of the organism & come under logical utilitarian group.
    The construction of these repertories affords the flexibility of adopting either the deductive or inductive logic at any given time, and highly useful when there is a significant amount of clinical data available in a case.
    Eg. Clinical repertory by J.H.Clark
    The prescriber by J.H.Clark

    !!. Regional repertories
    Regional repertories mainly focus on the information relevant to a particular system or a region. They are mainly used for reference purposes, not for individualisation, but having the advantage of elaborating on a particular theme witha high degree of specificity.
    Eg. Berridg’s eye
    Morgan’s urinary organs

    iii. Particular repertories
    These repertories are based on clinical orientation, focused on certain particular states or particular diseased condition. The specific state may be a modifying factor. This repertories also affords a high degree of specification in the particular area.
    Eg. Time modalities by Shedd.P.V
    Diarrhoea by Bell james

    iv. Alphabetical repertories
    The symptoms in this repertories are arranged in a alphabetical order. This repertories are qualifying as general repertories to a reference book.
    Eg. General alphabetical repertories
    Murphy’s repertory
    Pathak repertory
    Clinical alphabetical repertories
    The presciber by Clark
    Reference repertories
    Highlights of Homoeopathic practice by T.P.Chatterjee

    V. Concordance repertories
    Word meaning In agreement or In harmony
    OR
    An index of words or passages of a book or an author
    Here the medicine is analyzed for its relationship with other medicines at different levels and at different spheres.
    Logical utilitarian repertories are popular as repertories and the puritan repertories are known as Concordance repertories or Concordances.
    These repertories are comprised of mainly of the symptoms in the language of the provers, the whole symptoms expressed by the patient may be obtained as a single unit in these books. The demerit is that the search is very difficult & time consuming.

    VI. Comparative repertoris
    This is one of the latest repertories, which is aimed to assist the user in differentiating the medicines with in the rubric, often this save the labor of consulting the materia medica for the differential references.
    This repertory is a beginning of a movement for improving the service of repertory use. The comparative repertory is deficient in data, because all the remedies are not compared and differentiated.
    Eg. Comparative repertory by Docks & Kockelenberg.

    V11. Pathogenic repertories
    This is an index to the symptoms as presented during the drug proving. This repertory is useful when the pathological changes form the only available database in a case.
    Also useful in case where the differentiation of the medicines and prescription of the appropriate remedy has to be made only on the basis of the objective symptoms.
    In concordance repertories the symptoms are written in the language of the provers _ the verbal expression.
    But in the pathogenic repertories the expression at the level of altered physiological phenomena & the pathological process are explained.
    Eg. Repertory of drug pathogenesy By Richard Huges.

    VII. Reference repertories
    These are not repertories in strict sense, but these books are handy for prescribing in acute cases and in cases with insufficient data.
    They are used as ready recokners for assessing the information about a symptom or a condition with certain constant features.
    Eg. Qiuck bed side presciber by Singhal

    V111. Therapeutic digests
    These are miniature versions of repertories and deals mainly with a particular clinical condition.
    Eg. Raue’s Special pathology & therapeutic hints.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn:
Esrat
Begginer

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alcoholismdrug addiction
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    Alcoholism and drug addiction are serious medical conditions that can have a profound impact on an individual's physical and mental health, as well as their social and professional life. The effects of alcoholism can include high blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, stroke, inflammation of the liverRead more

    Alcoholism and drug addiction are serious medical conditions that can have a profound impact on an individual’s physical and mental health, as well as their social and professional life.

    The effects of alcoholism can include high blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, stroke, inflammation of the liver, acute kidney failure, chronic kidney disease, inflammation of the pancreas, and swelling of blood vessels that prevent proper digestion.

    Drug addiction can cause both physical and mental symptoms. Short-term physical effects of drug addiction can include shallow breathing, elevated body temperature, rapid heart rate, increased blood pressure, insomnia, drowsiness, slurred speech, decreased or increased appetite, uncoordinated movements, and dependence and withdrawal symptoms. Long-term effects can include changes in appetite, movement, speech, mood, and cognitive function. The short-term mental effects of drug abuse can include difficulty concentrating, irritability, aggression, angry outbursts, lack of inhibition, hallucinations and signs of Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD).

    Drug addiction is a treatable medical condition that involves complex interactions between a person’s environment, brain circuits, genetics, and life experiences. People with drug addictions continue to compulsively use drugs despite the negative effects. Substance abuse has many potential consequences including overdose and even death. Treatment options are available for common symptoms.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn:
Esrat
Begginer

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boerick’s repertorylimitation
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    @Esrat Boericke's Repertory, part of Boericke's Homeopathic Materia Medica and Repertory, is a valuable tool in homeopathic practice. However, it does have certain limitations: ( in short) 1. Clinical Focus: Boericke's Repertory is a clinical repertory, which means it contains clinical symptoms (conRead more

    Esrat
    Boericke’s Repertory, part of Boericke’s Homeopathic Materia Medica and Repertory, is a valuable tool in homeopathic practice. However, it does have certain limitations: ( in short)

    1. Clinical Focus: Boericke’s Repertory is a clinical repertory, which means it contains clinical symptoms (conditions) and corresponding groups of medicine. While this facilitates the selection of remedies based on pathological similarity, causation, modalities, and concomitants, it may not be suitable for common repertorisation. This is particularly true in cases where only common symptoms with few modalities and concomitants are found.

    2. Technical Terms as Rubrics: The repertory often uses technical or clinical terms as rubrics. While this aligns with the homeopathic requirement to prescribe for the symptoms of each specific case and not for the mere name of the disease, it can be challenging for those not familiar with these terms.

    3. Scope and Implementation: The full utility of Boericke’s Repertory may not have been realized due to a lack of understanding and implementation of its scope and limitations.

    4. Popularity: Although Boericke’s Repertory has gained popularity due to its practical arrangement of rubrics in different anatomical sections, it was not initially as popular as other repertories like Clarke’s Clinical Repertory.

    5. Dr. Boericke himself says “This work found numerous suggestions based on clinical observations.

    6. Wrong placement of certain rubrics. For example- ABDOMEN – ERUPTION – fissure, fistula, inflammation (proctitis), etc. LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM – GOUT of chest, eyes, stomach, heart, etc.

    7. Alphabetical arrangement is not maintained properly in whole through the repertory. Example in the ABDOMEN chapter, Haemorhoids; Hernia; Intestines; Jaundice followed by Hypocondria; Liver.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: ,
ashfaq ahmed
Begginer

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blood transfusion
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Best Answer
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    A. Equipment: The suggested equipment required for a blood transfusion includes the following: (Blood components or whole blood could be provided through various central venous access devices or peripheral intravenous catheters. The following sizes should be considered): 1. 20-22 gauge for routine tRead more

    A. Equipment:
    The suggested equipment required for a blood transfusion includes the following: (Blood components or whole blood could be provided through various central venous access devices or peripheral intravenous catheters. The following sizes should be considered):
    1. 20-22 gauge for routine transfusion in adults
    2. 16-18 gauge for rapid transfusion in adults
    3. 22-25 gauge for pediatrics
    4. The requirements for administration sets might vary
    5. Blood filters
    6. The administration of platelet-poor plasmas requires supplies that often differ by product and brand.
    Infusion devices, such as infusion pumps, blood warmers, rapid infusers, and pressure devices, can be used to transfuse blood components.
    7. A pressure infusion device may be needed for the rapid transfusion of blood components.
    8. A blood warmer device is often needed to prevent hypothermia in the rapid administration of cold-blood components, for instance, in trauma settings or operation theatres.
    B) Personnel:
    Two providers should verify blood products before administering, and patients should be monitored during transfusion by qualified personnel. Blood transfusions can be carried out by various healthcare providers, such as registered nurses, licensed vocational nurses, or licensed practical nurses. Nurses usually perform this task on the advice of a physician. Regarding blood transfusion training requirements, most professionals, such as registered nurses and licensed vocational nurses, learn how to carry blood transfusions through medical training and educational programs.

    C) Preparation:
    The following is the list of important steps to follow before proceeding with blood transfusion:

    **Find Current Type and Crossmatch:
    1. Take a blood sample, which lasts up to 72 hours
    2. Send the sample to the blood bank
    3. Ensure that the blood sample has the correct labeling with the date and timing
    4. Wait for the blood bank to crossmatch and prepare the needed units
    5. Obtain Informed Consent and Health History.

    **Discuss the procedure with the patient:
    1. Confirm the past medical history and any allergies
    2. The supervising provider should have obtained signed consent from the patient
    3. Obtain Large-bore Intravenous Access

    **This is 18 gauge or larger IV access:
    1. Each unit should be transfused within 2-4 hours
    2. A second IV access should be secured in case the patient needs additional IV medications
    3. Normal saline is the only fluid that can be administered with blood products

    **Assemble Supplies:
    1. Y tubing with an in-line filter
    2. 0.9% NaCl solution
    3. Blood warmer
    4. Obtain Baseline Vital Signs
    5. These include heart rate, temperature, blood pressure, pulse oximeter, and respiratory rate
    6. Respiratory sounds and urine output should also be documented
    7. Notify the provider if the temperature is more than 100 F

    **Obtain Blood from the Blood Bank:
    1. Once the blood bank notifies that the blood is ready, its delivery from the blood bank should be ensured
    2. Packed red blood cells can only be given one unit at a time
    3. Once the blood has been released for the patient, there are 20-30 minutes to begin the transfusion and up to four hours to complete it.

    D) Technique or Treatment: (Here are some of the general steps providers should follow when carrying out a blood transfusion):

    1. Verify Blood Product
    2. Relay the features of a transfusion reaction to the patient. The patient should inform the nursing staff during the transfusion if these appear.
    3. Baseline vital signs, lung sounds, urine output, and skin color
    4. Prepare the Y tubing with 0.9% NaCl and have the blood unit ready in an infusion pump
    5. The blood should be run slowly for the first fifteen minutes, for instance, 2 ml/min or 120 ml/hr
    6. Staff should be supervising the patient for the first fifteen minutes as this is when most transfusion reactions happen
    7. The rate of transfusion can be increased after this period if the patient is stable and does not display any signs of a transfusion reaction
    8. Document vital signs after fifteen minutes, then every hour, and finally, at the end of the transfusion
    9. During the transfusion, look for any signs of transfusion reactions
    10. If a reaction is suspected, stop the transfusion immediately
    11. Disconnect the blood tubing from the patient
    12. Inform the provider, stay with the patient and assess the status
    13. Document everything
    14. After the transfusion, flush Y tubing with normal saline and dispose of used Y tubing in the biohazard bin
    15. Obtain post-transfusion vital signs
    16. After the procedure, some patients could experience soreness at the puncture site, but this should dissipate quickly.

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