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Asked: 3 years agoIn: , , , ,
ashfaq ahmed
Begginer

nephrolithiasis
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    Nephrolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stones, can cause various symptoms, including: 1. Severe pain in the side and back, below the ribs. 2. Pain radiating to the lower abdomen and groin. 3. Painful urination. 4. Blood in the urine. 5. Frequent urge to urinate. 6. Cloudy or foul-smelling urine.Read more

    Nephrolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stones, can cause various symptoms, including:

    1. Severe pain in the side and back, below the ribs.
    2. Pain radiating to the lower abdomen and groin.
    3. Painful urination.
    4. Blood in the urine.
    5. Frequent urge to urinate.
    6. Cloudy or foul-smelling urine.
    7. Nausea and vomiting.
    8. Urinary urgency.
    9. Fever and chills (if an infection is present).
    10. Difficulty passing urine.

    If you suspect you have kidney stones or experience these symptoms, it’s essential to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: , , , , , ,
Esrat
Begginer

abscessdifferencefuruncle
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala
    This answer was edited.

    An abscess and a furuncle are both skin conditions that involve the formation of painful, swollen lumps filled with pus, but they have some key differences: 1. Cause: - Abscess: An abscess is a localized collection of pus that can develop anywhere in the body, including the skin, as a result of infeRead more

    An abscess and a furuncle are both skin conditions that involve the formation of painful, swollen lumps filled with pus, but they have some key differences:

    1. Cause:
    – Abscess: An abscess is a localized collection of pus that can develop anywhere in the body, including the skin, as a result of infection, inflammation, or injury.
    – Furuncle: A furuncle, also known as a boil, is a specific type of abscess that forms in a hair follicle and its surrounding tissues. It’s usually caused by a bacterial infection, often by Staphylococcus aureus.

    2. Location:
    – Abscess: It can occur in various parts of the body, including internal organs, whereas skin abscesses are found on the surface of the skin.
    – Furuncle: It specifically forms in hair follicles and is typically found on the skin, especially in areas with hair, like the neck, face, buttocks, and thighs.

    3. Appearance:
    – Abscess: It appears as a swollen, painful lump that may or may not have a visible head or opening. The surrounding skin may be red and warm to the touch.
    – Furuncle: A furuncle often begins as a tender, red nodule, which gradually fills with pus and develops a visible, pimple-like head (pustule) at its center.

    4. Causes of Infection:
    – Abscess: The infection leading to an abscess can result from various sources, including bacteria, fungi, or parasites.
    – Furuncle: Furuncles are primarily caused by a bacterial infection, most commonly by Staphylococcus aureus.

    In summary, both abscesses and furuncles involve the formation of pus-filled lumps on the skin, but abscesses can occur anywhere in the body, while furuncles specifically develop in hair follicles and are usually caused by a bacterial infection. Treatment may vary depending on the severity and location of the condition.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: , ,
ashfaq ahmed
Begginer

attention
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala
    This answer was edited.

    Attention, in the context of human cognition and artificial intelligence, refers to the ability to focus on specific information or stimuli while filtering out irrelevant distractions. It's a fundamental cognitive process that allows us to allocate mental resources to process and prioritize certainRead more

    Attention, in the context of human cognition and artificial intelligence, refers to the ability to focus on specific information or stimuli while filtering out irrelevant distractions. It’s a fundamental cognitive process that allows us to allocate mental resources to process and prioritize certain inputs, whether visual, auditory, or conceptual. In the field of artificial intelligence and deep learning, attention mechanisms have been developed to mimic this selective focus, enhancing the performance of tasks like natural language processing and image recognition by allowing models to weigh the importance of different parts of input data.

    Attention can be classified into several types or categories based on its use and function. Here are some common classifications of attention:

    1. Sustained Attention: This type of attention involves maintaining focus on a single task or stimulus over an extended period. It is often necessary for tasks that require prolonged concentration, like studying or working on a project.

    2. Selective Attention: Selective attention is the ability to concentrate on a specific aspect of information while ignoring or minimizing distractions. It’s what allows you to, for example, listen to one conversation in a crowded room.

    3. Divided Attention: Divided attention, also known as multitasking, is the ability to pay attention to and manage multiple tasks or stimuli simultaneously. It’s crucial in situations where you need to juggle several activities at once.

    4. Visual Attention: This type of attention relates to how we focus on specific elements in our visual field. It plays a role in tasks like reading, searching for objects, or recognizing faces in a crowd.

    5. Auditory Attention: Auditory attention is the ability to focus on specific sounds or voices in the auditory environment while filtering out background noise. It’s essential for tasks like listening to a speaker in a noisy room.

    6. Executive Attention: Executive attention involves the coordination and management of various attentional processes. It’s often associated with higher-order cognitive functions, like decision-making and problem-solving.

    7. Bottom-Up Attention: This type of attention is driven by external stimuli or sensory input. It’s automatic and involuntary, directing attention to salient or unexpected events in the environment.

    8. Top-Down Attention: Top-down attention is driven by internal goals, expectations, or cognitive strategies. It allows individuals to intentionally direct their attention to specific information or aspects of a task.

    9. Endogenous Attention: Endogenous attention is internally generated, where individuals voluntarily focus on specific information based on their goals or intentions.

    10. Exogenous Attention: Exogenous attention is externally triggered by sudden or unexpected events that capture one’s focus involuntarily.

    These classifications illustrate the various ways in which attention can be characterized, and they are often interrelated in complex ways depending on the task or situation at hand.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: , , , , , , , ,
ashfaq ahmed
Begginer

classificationseating disordertypes
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    An eating disorder is a mental health condition that negatively affects how someone eats, thinks about food, and feels about their body. Eating disorders can have serious physical and psychological consequences, and they can be very difficult to overcome. There are many different types of eating disRead more

    An eating disorder is a mental health condition that negatively affects how someone eats, thinks about food, and feels about their body. Eating disorders can have serious physical and psychological consequences, and they can be very difficult to overcome.

    There are many different types of eating disorders, but the most common ones are:

    1. Anorexia nervosa: This is an eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, an extremely low body weight, and a distorted body image. People with anorexia may restrict their food intake, exercise excessively, or purge after eating.
    2. Bulimia nervosa: This is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors such as purging, excessive exercise, or fasting. People with bulimia may feel a sense of loss of control during binge episodes.
    3. Binge eating disorder: This is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, without the use of compensatory behaviors. People with binge eating disorder may feel a sense of shame or guilt after bingeing.
    4. Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID): This is an eating disorder characterized by a persistent avoidance of certain foods or food groups, leading to inadequate intake of energy and nutrients. People with ARFID may have sensory aversions to food, fear of choking or vomiting, or concerns about the weight or calories in food.
    5. Other specified feeding or eating disorders (OSFED): This is a diagnosis for eating disorders that do not meet the full criteria for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating disorder. OSFED can include conditions such as purging disorder, night eating syndrome, and compulsive exercise.
    6. Unspecified feeding or eating disorder: This is a diagnosis for eating disorders that do not meet the criteria for any of the other eating disorders.

    Eating disorders can develop at any age, but they are most common during adolescence and young adulthood. They are more common in women, but they can affect people of all genders.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: ,
Dr Beauty Akther
Pundit

psychoanalysis
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    Psychoanalysis is a broad field that encompasses both a theory of the mind and a method of therapy. According to psychoanalysis, the human mind is composed of conscious and unconscious processes that influence our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Psychoanalysis aims to explore these processes andRead more

    Psychoanalysis is a broad field that encompasses both a theory of the mind and a method of therapy. According to psychoanalysis, the human mind is composed of conscious and unconscious processes that influence our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Psychoanalysis aims to explore these processes and bring them to awareness, in order to resolve psychological conflicts and promote mental health.

    Some of the main areas of activities of psychoanalysis are:

    – Clinical practice: Psychoanalysts provide therapy to individuals, couples, groups, or families who suffer from various mental disorders or difficulties, such as depression, anxiety, trauma, personality disorders, relationship problems, etc. Psychoanalytic therapy involves a long-term and intensive process of free association, interpretation, transference, and working through, in which the therapist helps the patient uncover and understand the unconscious sources of their symptoms and patterns.
    – Research: Psychoanalysts conduct empirical and theoretical research on various topics related to psychoanalytic theory and practice, such as the development of personality, the nature of unconscious mental processes, the role of sexuality and aggression in human behavior, the effects of early childhood experiences on later functioning, the mechanisms of defense and resistance, the dynamics of dreams and fantasies, the structure and function of the ego, id, and superego, etc. Psychoanalysts use various methods of data collection and analysis, such as case studies, interviews, observations, experiments, surveys, etc.
    – Education: Psychoanalysts teach and train students and professionals in various fields and disciplines that are related to or influenced by psychoanalysis, such as psychology, psychiatry, social work, counseling, education, literature, art, philosophy, etc. Psychoanalysts also provide supervision and consultation to other therapists who use psychoanalytic approaches in their work. Psychoanalysts also participate in academic conferences and publications that disseminate psychoanalytic knowledge and perspectives.
    – Social action: Psychoanalysts apply their insights and skills to address various social issues and problems that affect human well-being and dignity, such as violence, oppression, discrimination, injustice, poverty, etc. Psychoanalysts also advocate for the recognition and respect of human rights and diversity in society. Psychoanalysts also collaborate with other professionals and organizations that share similar goals and values.

    These are some of the main areas of activities of psychoanalysis. However, psychoanalysis is not a monolithic or static field; it is constantly evolving and expanding in response to new challenges and opportunities in the contemporary world. Psychoanalysis is also a diverse and pluralistic field; it encompasses various schools of thought and approaches that differ in their theoretical assumptions and clinical practices. Some of the major schools of psychoanalysis are Freudian psychoanalysis (based on the original work of Sigmund Freud), neo-Freudian psychoanalysis (based on the modifications and extensions of Freud’s work by his followers), Jungian psychoanalysis (based on the work of Carl Jung), Adlerian psychoanalysis (based on the work of Alfred Adler), object relations psychoanalysis (based on the work of Melanie Klein and others), self psychology (based on the work of Heinz Kohut), relational psychoanalysis (based on the work of Stephen Mitchell and others), Lacanian psychoanalysis (based on the work of Jacques Lacan), etc.

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