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Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also known as gonococcus, is a species of Gram-negative diplococci bacteria that causes the sexually transmitted genitourinary infection gonorrhea as well as other forms of gonococcal disease including disseminated gonococcemia, septic arthritis, and gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum. Gonorrhoeal infection is generally limited to superficial mucosal surfaces lined with columnar epithelium. Pili and Opa proteins facilitate adhesion of the gonococcus to epithelial cells of the urethra, rectum, cervix, pharynx, and conjunctiva, thereby making colonization possible.