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Sterilization and disinfection are two methods of decontamination. The main difference between them is that sterilization kills all microorganisms present in an object or place, including spores, while disinfection only reduces the number of harmful microorganisms to prevent transmission. Disinfection is a common and simple method of decontamination used on a daily basis, while sterilization is predominantly used in medical, industrial, and scientific areas.
In summary, sterilization is the process of killing all microorganisms, while disinfection is the process of reducing the number of harmful microorganisms to prevent transmission.