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What are the common causes of hiatus hernia?
Causes might include: • Being born with a larger hiatal opening than usual • Injury to the area • Changes in your diaphragm as you age • A rise in pressure in your belly, as from pregnancy, obesity, coughing, lifting something heavy, or straining on the toilet. Hiatal Hernia Risk Factors: Hiatal herRead more
Causes might include:
• Being born with a larger hiatal opening than usual
• Injury to the area
• Changes in your diaphragm as you age
• A rise in pressure in your belly, as from pregnancy, obesity, coughing, lifting something heavy, or straining on the toilet.
Hiatal Hernia Risk Factors:
See lessHiatal hernias happen more often in women, people who are overweight, and people older than 50.
What are the different types of hiatus hernia?
There are two main types of hiatal hernias: sliding and paraesophageal. Ordinarily, your esophagus (food pipe) goes through the hiatus and attaches to your stomach. In a sliding hiatal hernia, your stomach and the lower part of your esophagus slide up into your chest through the diaphragm. Most peopRead more
There are two main types of hiatal hernias: sliding and paraesophageal.
Ordinarily, your esophagus (food pipe) goes through the hiatus and attaches to your stomach. In a sliding hiatal hernia, your stomach and the lower part of your esophagus slide up into your chest through the diaphragm. Most people with hiatal hernias have this type.
A paraesophageal hernia is more dangerous. Your esophagus and stomach stay where they should be, but part of your stomach squeezes through the hiatus to sit next to your esophagus. Your stomach can become squeezed and lose its blood supply. Your doctor might call this a strangulated hernia.
See lessWhat is hiatus hernia?
A hiatal hernia is when your stomach bulges up into your chest through an opening in your diaphragm, the muscle that separates the two areas. The opening is called the hiatus, so this condition is also called a hiatus hernia.
A hiatal hernia is when your stomach bulges up into your chest through an opening in your diaphragm, the muscle that separates the two areas. The opening is called the hiatus, so this condition is also called a hiatus hernia.
See lessHow we can diagnosis a case of tetanus in lab?
The diagnosis of tetanus is clinical and does not require a demonstration of C. tetani. Treatment should be started immediately based on clinical diagnosis. Laboratory diagnosis provides supportive evidence for confirmation. Specimen Excised tissue bits from the necrotic depths of wounds are more reRead more
The diagnosis of tetanus is clinical and does not require a demonstration of C. tetani. Treatment should be started immediately based on clinical diagnosis. Laboratory diagnosis provides supportive evidence for confirmation.
Specimen
Excised tissue bits from the necrotic depths of wounds are more reliable than wound swabs.
Gram staining
Gram staining reveals gram-positive bacilli with terminal and round spores (drum stick appearance or tennis racket appearance). However, microscopy alone is unreliable as it cannot distinguish C. tetani from morphologically similar non-pathogenic clostridia like C. tetanomorphum and C. sphenoides.
Culture
Culture is more reliable than microscopy.
• Robertson cooked meat(RCM) broth – C. tetani being proteolytic turns the meat particles black and produces a foul odor.
• Blood agar with polymyxin B: C. tetani produce characteristic swarming growth when incubated at 37°C for 24-48 hours under anaerobic conditions.
Toxigenicity Test
As pathogenesis of tetanus is toxin mediated, the association of the isolated organism can only be established when its toxin production is demonstrated. Toxigenicity can be detected by both in vitro and in vivo methods.
• In vitro hemolysis inhibition test: C. tetani produces hemolysis on blood agar which is inhibited by adding antitoxin. This test indicates the production of tetanolysin only but not tetanospasmin.
• In vivo mouse inoculation test: RCM broth with black turbid growth is injected into the root of the tail of a test mouse. The test animal develops stiffness which begins with the tail and progresses to involve the hind limbs on the inoculated side- the other limb-trunk-forelimbs. Death occurs within two days. This test indicates the production of tetanospasmin.
See lessWhat are the sources of lycopodium?
Crushed spores of the plant Lycopodium/ clubmoss under the family of Lycopodiacee.
Crushed spores of the plant Lycopodium/ clubmoss under the family of Lycopodiacee.
See lessWhat are the synonyms of lycopodium?
Club moss. Muscus terrestris repens. Pes ursinus. Wolf's claw.
Club moss. Muscus terrestris repens. Pes ursinus. Wolf’s claw.
See lessWhat are the symptoms of carcinosinum in male genitalia?
1. Increased sex drive. 2. Condylomata. 3. Troublesome or wanting erections. 4. Masturbation disposition. 5. Masturbation in children.
1. Increased sex drive.
See less2. Condylomata.
3. Troublesome or wanting erections.
4. Masturbation disposition.
5. Masturbation in children.
What are the ulcers symptoms of acidum flouricum?
Especially adapted to chronic diseases with syphilitic and mercurial history. It is suitable to complaints of old age or prematurely aged. It produces slow deeply destructive effects, caries of bones esp. long bones; ulcerations, bedsores; varicose veins.
Especially adapted to chronic diseases with syphilitic and mercurial history. It is suitable to complaints of old age or prematurely aged. It produces slow deeply destructive effects, caries of bones esp. long bones; ulcerations, bedsores; varicose veins.
See lessWhat are the use of abrotenum in marasmus?
Marasmus of children with marked emaciation, especially of legs ; the skin is flabby and hangs loose in folds. In marasmus head weak, cannot hold it up. Marasmus of lower extremities only. Ravenous hunger; loosing flesh while eating well.
Marasmus of children with marked emaciation, especially of legs ; the skin is flabby and hangs loose in folds. In marasmus head weak, cannot hold it up. Marasmus of lower extremities only. Ravenous hunger; loosing flesh while eating well.
See lessWhat are the guiding symptoms of abrotenum?
• It affects nerves, causing numbness, weakness, trembling, and paretic conditions. • It is the remedy, for marasmus in children, when nutrition is affected. • In spite of good appetite, children emaciated, especially in lower extremities. • It causes true metastatic condition. • Rheumatism, occursRead more
• It affects nerves, causing numbness, weakness, trembling, and paretic conditions.
• It is the remedy, for marasmus in children, when nutrition is affected.
• In spite of good appetite, children emaciated, especially in lower extremities.
• It causes true metastatic condition.
• Rheumatism, occurs after checked diarrhoea.
• Gout recedes and other troubles follow.
• It has exudative tendency.
• Exudation may occur, as a metastatic condition or otherwise, into pleura, joints etc.
• It also causes alternating conditions, one diseased condition disappears and another appears, e.g. piles alternating with rheumatism.
• It is suitable, to newborn, or children especially boys, who suffer from hydrocele, epistaxis; it removes weakness, remaining after influenza.
• Oozing of blood, and moisture in newborn, from navel.
• Vomiting of large quantities of offensive fluid.
• Effects, remaining after operation on chest.
Worse:
• Cold air; wet.
• Checked secretions; esp. diarrhoea.
• Night.
• Fog.
Better:
• Loose stools.
• Motion.
Mind:
• Great anxiety and depression.
• Cross and irritable (children in marasmus).
• Thinking difficult; loss of comprehension.
• Inhuman; would like to do something evil, cruel.
See less