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Cholelithiasis, also known as gallstones, are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that can form in your gallbladder. The exact cause of cholelithiasis is not entirely clear and may be a result of multiple factors. Cholelithiasis most commonly results from a chemical imbalance within the contents of the gallbladder in which the bile contains too much cholesterol or bilirubin.
Risk factors for cholelithiasis include obesity, rapid weight loss, pregnancy, impaired gallbladder emptying, fasting, spinal cord injury, reduced bile salt secretion, and others.