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Diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis involves a combination of several tests and a physical exam. No single test can be used alone for diagnosis. Early stages of rheumatoid arthritis are difficult to diagnose since signs are non-specific.
Some common tests used to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis include:
1. Blood tests: Blood tests can be used to test for rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibodies, which are often present in people with rheumatoid arthritis. An erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test can also be used to determine the presence of inflammatory mediators.
2. Imaging tests: X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound can help identify the extent of damage to the joints.
3. Joint fluid analysis: A procedure called arthrocentesis, during which a sterile needle is used to withdraw joint fluid, can help determine the cause of symptoms.