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Anaemia results from reduced red blood cells. It is caused due to various reasons like:
– Reduced production of red blood cells as in iron deficiency anaemia or megaloblastic anaemia
– Excess blood loss: blood loss can be due to external bleeding like in road traffic accidents or internal bleeding as in hookworm infection, Excess bleeding during periods (menstruation), long-term use of drugs like aspirin or painkillers, etc
– Destruction of the red blood cells: Hemolytic anaemias
– Autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.
Anaemia may also be caused by several factors such as nutrient deficiencies through inadequate diets or inadequate absorption of nutrients, infections (e.g. malaria, parasitic infections, tuberculosis, HIV), inflammation, chronic diseases, gynaecological and obstetric conditions, and inherited red blood cell disorders.