Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by a group of symptoms that indicate damage to the glomeruli, which are tiny blood vessels in the kidneys responsible for filtering waste and excess fluids from the blood.

The main features of nephrotic syndrome include:

1. Proteinuria: Large amounts of protein are excreted in the urine, leading to low levels of protein in the blood.

2. Hypoalbuminemia: A decrease in the level of albumin, a vital protein in the blood that helps maintain osmotic pressure and carries various substances.

3. Edema: The loss of protein in the urine causes fluid to accumulate in the body tissues, resulting in swelling, particularly around the eyes, feet, and ankles.

4. Hyperlipidemia: Elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood due to increased liver production in response to protein loss.

Nephrotic syndrome can be caused by various underlying conditions, such as minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, and other kidney-related disorders. It can affect both children and adults and requires medical evaluation and management to address the underlying cause and control the symptoms. Treatment may involve medications to reduce proteinuria, control blood pressure, and manage related complications. If you suspect you or someone you know has nephrotic syndrome, it’s essential to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment.