The management of the third stage of labor, which is the period from the birth of the baby until the delivery of the placenta, is crucial to prevent complications such as postpartum hemorrhage. There are two main approaches:

Active Management
1. Administration of Uterotonic Drugs: Oxytocin is commonly used to stimulate uterine contractions and reduce bleeding.
2. Controlled Cord Traction: Gentle pulling on the umbilical cord while applying counterpressure to the uterus to help deliver the placenta.
3. Uterine Massage: Massaging the uterus after the placenta is delivered to encourage contraction and reduce bleeding.

Expectant (Physiological) Management
1. Natural Delivery of the Placenta: Allowing the placenta to deliver spontaneously without medical intervention.
2. Monitoring: Close observation of the mother for signs of excessive bleeding and ensuring the uterus is contracting properly.

Active management is generally preferred as it significantly reduces the risk of severe postpartum hemorrhage. However, the choice of management may depend on the specific circumstances and the healthcare provider’s judgment.