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Research methodology simply refers to the practical “how” of any given piece of research. More specifically, it’s about how a researcher systematically designs a study to ensure valid and reliable results that address the research aims and objectives.
1. Lymphoid organs 2. Bone marrow 3. Thymus 4. Lymph nodes 5. Spleen 6. Tonsils 7. Mucous membranes 8. WBC 9. RBC 10. Platelets.
1. Lymphoid organs
2. Bone marrow
3. Thymus
4. Lymph nodes
5. Spleen
6. Tonsils
7. Mucous membranes
8. WBC
9. RBC
10. Platelets.
Reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity. They are usually referred to as an over-reaction of the immune system and these reactions may be damaging, uncomfortable, or occasionally fatal. Hypersensitivity reactions require a pre-sensitized (immune) state ofRead more
Reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity. They are usually referred to as an over-reaction of the immune system and these reactions may be damaging, uncomfortable, or occasionally fatal. Hypersensitivity reactions require a pre-sensitized (immune) state of the host. The Gell and Coombs classification of hypersensitivity is the most widely used and distinguishes four types of immune response that result in bystander tissue damage.
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Case-control: 1. Proceed from effect to cause. 2. Start with the disease. 3. Test whether the suspected causes occur more frequently in those with the diseases than among those without the disease. 4.Usually the first approach to the testing of a hypothesis. 5. Involve a fewer number of subjects. 6.Read more
Case-control:
See less1. Proceed from effect to cause.
2. Start with the disease.
3. Test whether the suspected causes occur more frequently in those with the diseases than among those without the disease.
4.Usually the first approach to the testing of a hypothesis.
5. Involve a fewer number of subjects.
6. Quick result.
7. Suitable for rare diseases.
8. Only for odds ratio.
9. Can’t yield information about the diseases.
10. Temporal association is never proven.
11. Recall bias is a potential problem.
12. Relatively inexpensive.
Cohort study:
1. Proceed from cause to effect.
2. Start with people exposed to risk factors or suspected cause.
3. Test whether diseases occur more frequently than in those not similarly exposed.
4. Reserved for testing or preciously formulated hypothesis.
5. Involve a larger number of subjects.
6. Long follow-up period.
7. Not suitable for rare diseases.
8. Relative and attributive risk.
9. Can yield information about more than one disease outcome.
10. Temporal association is proven.
11. Recall bias is not an issue.
12. Expensive.