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Asked: 3 years agoIn: Human Behavior, Human Progress, Psychology

What is play?write down types of play?

Esrat
Esrat

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  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Teacher dr.basuriwala
    Added an answer about 3 years ago

    Play is a fundamental activity for children that goes beyond mere entertainment. It contributes significantly to their development, fostering physical, cognitive, social, and emotional growth. Now, let's explore various types of play: 1. Symbolic Play: - Using objects, actions, or ideas to representRead more

    Play is a fundamental activity for children that goes beyond mere entertainment. It contributes significantly to their development, fostering physical, cognitive, social, and emotional growth. Now, let’s explore various types of play:

    1. Symbolic Play:
    – Using objects, actions, or ideas to represent other objects or concepts (e.g., pretending a cardboard tube is a telescope).

    2. Rough and Tumble Play:
    – Close encounter play that gauges relative strength without actual fighting.
    – Allows children to discover physical flexibility and experience exhilaration.

    3. Socio-Dramatic Play:
    – Acting out real-life experiences (e.g., playing house, going shopping, or running a restaurant).

    4. Social Play:
    – Any interactive situation where everyone follows set rules (e.g., during games or collaborative activities).

    5. Creative Play:
    – Encourages exploration, new ideas, and imagination.
    – Children use various items to alter and create something new.

    6. Communication Play:
    – Involves words, gestures, charades, jokes, and play-acting.

    7. Dramatic Play:
    – Children assign roles and act them out.

    8. Locomotor Play:
    – Movement for movement’s sake (e.g., chase, tag, hide and seek, tree climbing).

    9. Deep Play:
    – Allows children to encounter risky experiences and conquer fears (e.g., heights, snakes, and insects).

    10. Exploratory Play:
    – Using senses (smell, touch, taste) to explore and discover the texture and function of objects.

    11. Fantasy Play:
    – Make-believe world where imagination runs wild (e.g., being a pilot or having wings).

    12. Imaginative Play:
    – Defies conventional rules of the physical world (e.g., pretending to be a bee or having magical powers).

    Remember, each type of play contributes uniquely to a child’s holistic development, fostering creativity, social skills, and resilience.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: Case taking, Human Behavior, Human Progress, Psychology, Repertory

Discuss the importance of play during childhood?

Esrat
EsratBegginer

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  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala
    Added an answer about 3 years ago

    Play during childhood is not just about fun and games; it plays a crucial role in a child's development. Let's explore its significance: 1. Physical Development: - Gross Motor Skills: Playtime allows children to run, jump, climb, and engage in physical activities. These movements enhance muscle streRead more

    Play during childhood is not just about fun and games; it plays a crucial role in a child’s development. Let’s explore its significance:

    1. Physical Development:
    – Gross Motor Skills: Playtime allows children to run, jump, climb, and engage in physical activities. These movements enhance muscle strength, coordination, and balance.
    – Fine Motor Skills: Activities like building with blocks, drawing, or playing with small toys improve hand-eye coordination and dexterity.

    2. Cognitive Development:
    – Imagination and Creativity: Play encourages children to invent scenarios, create stories, and explore imaginary worlds. This fosters creativity and abstract thinking.
    – Problem-Solving: Through play, kids encounter challenges, make decisions, and find solutions. Whether it’s building a puzzle or constructing a fort, they learn problem-solving skills.
    – Math and Science Concepts: Counting, sorting, measuring, and experimenting during play introduce basic mathematical and scientific concepts.

    3. Social and Emotional Development:
    – Social Skills: Play provides opportunities for interaction with peers. Children learn to share, take turns, negotiate, and cooperate. They develop empathy and understanding.
    – Emotional Regulation: Play allows kids to express emotions, role-play different situations, and learn how to manage feelings like joy, frustration, and fear.
    – Self-Identity: Imaginary play lets children explore different roles (e.g., doctor, teacher, superhero). This helps them understand their own identity and the world around them.

    4. Language and Communication:
    – Vocabulary Expansion: Conversations during play enhance language skills. Children learn new words, practice communication, and express themselves.
    – Narrative Skills: Storytelling, puppet shows, and pretend play contribute to narrative development. Kids learn to structure stories and express ideas.

    5. Socialization and Friendships:
    – Building Relationships: Playtime fosters friendships. Children learn to trust, share secrets, and form bonds with others.
    – Conflict Resolution: Disagreements and conflicts arise during play. Kids learn negotiation, compromise, and how to resolve disputes.

    6. Stress Relief and Well-Being:
    – Unstructured Play: Free play allows children to relax, reduce stress, and recharge. It’s essential for their overall well-being.
    – Outdoor Play: Exposure to nature and fresh air positively impacts mental health and physical fitness.

    In summary, play is not frivolous; it’s a fundamental aspect of childhood. Encouraging playtime in various forms—whether through games, art, pretend play, or outdoor activities—nurtures holistic development and lays the foundation for lifelong learning.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: Physiology

Discuss the area of activities of psychology & psychoanalysis.

ashfaq ahmed
ashfaq ahmed

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  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Begginer dr.basuriwala
    Added an answer about 3 years ago

    The fascinating realms of psychology and psychoanalysis: A) Psychology: Psychology is a vast field that explores the intricate workings of the human mind, behavior, and emotions. It encompasses various areas of study, each with its unique focus. Here are some major branches of psychology: 1. AbnormaRead more

    The fascinating realms of psychology and psychoanalysis:

    A) Psychology:
    Psychology is a vast field that explores the intricate workings of the human mind, behavior, and emotions. It encompasses various areas of study, each with its unique focus. Here are some major branches of psychology:

    1. Abnormal Psychology: This area examines psychopathology and abnormal behavior. Mental health professionals in this field assess, diagnose, and treat psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression.
    2. Behavioral Psychology (Behaviorism): Based on the idea that behaviors are acquired through conditioning, behavioral psychology investigates learning processes. It emphasizes observable actions and their environmental influences.
    3. Biopsychology (Behavioral Neuroscience): Biopsychologists explore the biological basis of behavior, including brain function, genetics, and neural processes.
    4. Clinical Psychology: Clinical psychologists work directly with individuals to assess, diagnose, and treat mental health issues. They address a wide range of psychological disorders.
    5. Cognitive Psychology: Focused on mental processes like memory, perception, and problem-solving, cognitive psychology aims to understand how we think and process information.
    6. Comparative Psychology: This branch studies animal behavior to gain insights into human behavior and cognition.
    7. Counseling Psychology: Counselors assist individuals in coping with life challenges, personal growth, and emotional well-being.
    8. Cross-cultural Psychology: Examines cultural influences on behavior and cognition across different societies and ethnic groups.
    9. Developmental Psychology: Investigates human development across the lifespan, from infancy to old age.
    10. Educational Psychology: Focuses on learning processes, educational interventions, and student development.
    11. Experimental Psychology: Researchers in this field conduct controlled experiments to study various psychological phenomena.
    12. Forensic Psychology: Combines psychology and law, addressing legal issues, criminal behavior, and the justice system.
    13. Health Psychology: Explores the psychological factors influencing physical health and well-being.
    14. Industrial-Organizational Psychology: Applies psychological principles to workplace settings, including employee motivation, leadership, and organizational behavior.
    15. Personality Psychology: Investigates individual differences in personality traits and characteristics.
    16. School Psychology: School psychologists work within educational institutions to support students’ academic and emotional needs.
    17. Social Psychology: Studies how social interactions, group dynamics, and societal influences shape behavior and attitudes.
    18. Sports Psychology: Focuses on enhancing athletic performance, motivation, and mental resilience among athletes.

    B) Psychoanalysis:
    Psychoanalysis, founded by Sigmund Freud, is both a theory and a therapeutic approach. Its primary goal is to explore the unconscious mind and uncover repressed feelings and emotional patterns. Key aspects of psychoanalysis include:

    – Dream Analysis: Patients discuss their dreams, allowing the therapist to interpret hidden meanings and unresolved conflicts.
    – Free Association: Patients freely express thoughts and feelings without immediate judgment, facilitating insight into unconscious processes.
    – Transference: Patients project feelings onto the therapist, revealing deeper emotions and past experiences.
    – Catharsis: Healing occurs when patients gain conscious awareness of their unconscious conflicts.

    Psychoanalysis has applications beyond therapy, influencing fields like anthropology, sociology, literature, and the arts. It remains a powerful tool for understanding the complexities of the human psyche.

    Remember, psychology and psychoanalysis together illuminate the rich tapestry of human experience and behavior, offering insights into our minds and hearts.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: Psychology

Discuss the relation between Psychoanalysis and clinical psychology.

ashfaq ahmed
ashfaq ahmedBegginer

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  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala
    Added an answer about 3 years ago

    The relationship between Psychoanalysis and Clinical Psychology: 1. Psychoanalysis: - Definition: Psychoanalysis is both a theory and a therapeutic approach founded by Sigmund Freud. It aims to explore the unconscious mind, uncover repressed feelings, and interpret deep-rooted emotional patterns. -Read more

    The relationship between Psychoanalysis and Clinical Psychology:

    1. Psychoanalysis:
    – Definition: Psychoanalysis is both a theory and a therapeutic approach founded by Sigmund Freud. It aims to explore the unconscious mind, uncover repressed feelings, and interpret deep-rooted emotional patterns.
    – Focus: Psychoanalysis delves into the hidden impulses, desires, and memories that influence behavior. It emphasizes the role of the subconscious and unconscious in shaping human experiences.
    – Techniques: Psychoanalysts use methods like dream analysis, free association, and transference to help patients gain insight into their psychological struggles.
    – Evolution: Since Freud’s time, psychoanalysis has evolved, incorporating contributions from other theorists like Carl G. Jung, Alfred Adler, and Melanie Klein.

    2. Clinical Psychology:
    – Definition: Clinical psychology is a broader field that studies human behavior, mental processes, and emotional well-being. It focuses on assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of various psychological disorders.
    – Scope: Clinical psychologists work with individuals, families, and groups to address mental health issues. They employ evidence-based techniques to promote healing and improve mental health.
    – Education: Clinical psychologists typically hold advanced degrees (Ph.D. or Psy.D.) in psychology. They receive extensive training in assessment, therapy, and research.
    – Approach: Clinical psychology integrates various therapeutic approaches, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), humanistic therapy, and psychodynamic therapy (which includes psychoanalytic principles).

    3. Overlap and Distinctions:
    – Overlap: Both fields deal with emotional and behavioral issues. Clinical psychologists may incorporate psychoanalytic concepts into their practice.
    – Differences:
    – Focus: Clinical psychology covers a wider range of psychological issues beyond the unconscious mind.
    – Treatment: While both use psychotherapy, psychiatrists can also prescribe medications, whereas psychologists primarily focus on therapy.
    – Education: Not all psychoanalysts are psychologists; some are psychiatrists or clinical social workers.

    In summary, psychoanalysis contributes to the understanding of human behavior, while clinical psychology encompasses a broader spectrum of mental health assessment and treatment. Both fields play essential roles in promoting well-being and understanding the complexities of the human mind.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: Case taking, Disease, Miasma, Psychology, Repertory

Discuss of management of catatonic type of schizophrenia.

ashfaq ahmed
ashfaq ahmedBegginer

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  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala
    Added an answer about 3 years ago

    Catatonic schizophrenia, once considered a distinct subtype, is now understood as a part of the broader spectrum of schizophrenia. Although it's no longer recognized as a separate diagnosis, catatonia remains an essential syndrome to consider and treat, especially when it coexists with schizophreniaRead more

    Catatonic schizophrenia, once considered a distinct subtype, is now understood as a part of the broader spectrum of schizophrenia. Although it’s no longer recognized as a separate diagnosis, catatonia remains an essential syndrome to consider and treat, especially when it coexists with schizophrenia.

    Here are key points regarding catatonic schizophrenia and its management:

    1. Symptoms of Catatonic Schizophrenia:
    – Stupor: A state close to unconsciousness.
    – Catalepsy: Trance-like rigidity of the body.
    – Waxy flexibility: Limbs remain in positions set by others.
    – Mutism: Lack of verbal response.
    – Negativism: Ignoring external stimuli or instructions.
    – Posturing: Holding unusual positions.
    – Mannerism: Odd and exaggerated movements.
    – Stereotypy: Repetitive movements without reason.
    – Agitation: Uninfluenced by external stimuli.
    – Grimacing: Contorted facial movements.
    – Echolalia: Meaningless repetition of others’ words.
    – Echopraxia: Meaningless repetition of others’ movements.

    2. Causes:
    – Catatonia: Irregularities in dopamine, GABA, and glutamate neurotransmitter systems.
    – Schizophrenia: Combination of genetic, brain chemistry, and environmental factors.

    3. Treatment Options:
    – Medications: Give symptomatic and causative based Homoeopathic medication. Sedatives are commonly used to manage catatonia associated with schizophrenia.
    – Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): Sends electrical impulses to the brain through electrodes on the head.
    – Psychotherapy: May be helpful in some cases.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: Case taking, Miasma, Psychology, Repertory

What is thinking

ashfaq ahmed
ashfaq ahmedBegginer

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  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala
    Added an answer about 3 years ago

    Thinking, a fascinating yet enigmatic process, is multifaceted and can be viewed through different lenses. Here's a glimpse into its complexity: 1. From a psychological perspective: Consciously processing information: We manipulate thoughts, ideas, and memories, forming connections and constructingRead more

    Thinking, a fascinating yet enigmatic process, is multifaceted and can be viewed through different lenses. Here’s a glimpse into its complexity:

    1. From a psychological perspective: Consciously processing information: We manipulate thoughts, ideas, and memories, forming connections and constructing knowledge.

    2. From a neuroscientific perspective:

    – Synaptic connections: Essentially, it boils down to chains of firing neurons communicating in our brains.
    -Unconscious processes: While we call some thinking conscious, our brains constantly work behind the scenes, influencing our experiences and actions.

    3. Philosophy: Examines the nature of thought, consciousness, and knowledge itself.
    4. Artificial intelligence: Attempts to replicate and understand thinking through computer programs.

    Despite its complexity, some common points emerge:

    – Thinking is an active process, not just passively receiving information.
    – It involves manipulating and connecting internal mental representations (like concepts, memories, and ideas).
    – It serves various purposes, from problem-solving and decision-making to creativity and imagination.

    Ultimately, defining “thinking” remains a work in progress. Each field sheds light on different aspects, and the interplay between them makes it truly remarkable.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: Psychology

Discuss the sentiments with example

ashfaq ahmed
ashfaq ahmedBegginer

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  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala
    Added an answer about 3 years ago

    Sentiments are the subjective experiences, opinions, and attitudes we hold towards something. They can be complex and nuanced, encompassing a wide range of emotions and evaluations. Let's explore some key types of sentiments with examples: 1. Positive Sentiment: Expresses approval, satisfaction, joyRead more

    Sentiments are the subjective experiences, opinions, and attitudes we hold towards something. They can be complex and nuanced, encompassing a wide range of emotions and evaluations. Let’s explore some key types of sentiments with examples:

    1. Positive Sentiment: Expresses approval, satisfaction, joy, love, or any other favorable feeling.
    – Examples:
    – “This new restaurant is incredible! The food is amazing, and the service is impeccable.” (written review)
    – “I can’t wait to go on vacation! I’m so excited to relax and unwind.” (spoken statement)
    – “Congratulations on your graduation! I’m so proud of you.” (social media post)

    2. Negative Sentiment: Expresses disapproval, dissatisfaction, anger, sadness, or any other unfavorable feeling.
    – Examples:
    – “This movie was a complete disaster. I wasted my time and money.” (online review)
    – “I’m having a really bad day. Everything seems to be going wrong.” (personal journal entry)
    – “I’m so disappointed in you. You promised you wouldn’t do that again.” (spoken reprimand)

    3. Neutral Sentiment: Expresses no particular opinion or emotion. It can be objective, factual, or simply lacking in emotional charge.
    – Examples:
    – “The weather today is cloudy with a chance of rain.” (weather forecast)
    – “The meeting will start at 10:00 AM in the conference room.” (office memo)
    – “The cat walked across the street.” (simple statement of fact)

    4. Mixed Sentiment: Expresses a combination of positive and negative emotions or opinions. This can be due to conflicting feelings, ambivalence, or irony.
    -Examples:
    – “The movie was funny, but the ending was really sad.” (online review)
    – “I’m excited about the new job, but I’m also nervous about leaving my old friends.” (personal conversation)
    – “That was a terrible joke, but I can’t help but laugh.” (spoken response to a bad joke)

    **Remember:

    * Identifying sentiment can be subjective and context-dependent. The same words or phrases can have different meanings depending on the situation and the speaker’s intent.
    * Nonverbal cues like facial expressions, body language, and tone of voice can also play a role in conveying sentiment.
    * Understanding the different types of sentiments can help us to better communicate with others, interpret their emotions, and build stronger relationships.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: Psychology

Discuss the properties of normal behavior.

ashfaq ahmed
ashfaq ahmedBegginer

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  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala
    Added an answer about 3 years ago

    Discussing the properties of "normal behavior" is quite complex, as normalcy depends heavily on context and perspective. What's considered normal in one culture or situation might be abnormal in another. However, based on various psychological and sociological perspectives, here are some general proRead more

    Discussing the properties of “normal behavior” is quite complex, as normalcy depends heavily on context and perspective. What’s considered normal in one culture or situation might be abnormal in another. However, based on various psychological and sociological perspectives, here are some general properties often associated with “normal” behavior:

    1. Conformity to social norms: Normal behavior usually aligns with the shared expectations and rules of conduct within a specific group or society. This includes following unwritten social codes, respecting cultural values, and adhering to legal and ethical standards.

    2. Predictability and consistency: Individuals exhibiting normal behavior tend to act in ways that are expected and understandable within their context. Their actions are consistent with their usual patterns and don’t deviate significantly from the norm.

    3. Emotional regulation: People considered to behave normally demonstrate an ability to manage their emotions appropriately in different situations. They avoid extreme emotional outbursts or reactions that are deemed unreasonable or disruptive.

    4. Effective communication: Normal behavior often involves clear and concise communication that aligns with social norms and fosters positive relationships. It involves active listening, empathy, and avoiding language or actions that are offensive or harmful.

    5. Sense of well-being: Individuals displaying normal behavior generally possess a sense of emotional and psychological well-being. They can function effectively in their daily lives, maintain healthy relationships, and cope with challenges in a balanced manner.

    **It’s important to note:

    * These are general guidelines, and exceptions exist. Some individuals who deviate from these norms might still be functioning well and adapting successfully to their environment.
    * Cultural and social contexts play a significant role in shaping what is considered normal. Behavior considered acceptable in one culture might be frowned upon in another.
    * Mental health conditions can affect how individuals perceive and interpret social norms, leading to behavior that might be perceived as abnormal based on the above criteria.
    * Judging behaviors as “normal” or “abnormal” can be subjective and lead to harmful stereotypes and biases. A more nuanced approach considering individual circumstances and cultural sensitivity is crucial.

    Therefore, understanding the properties of “normal” behavior requires acknowledging its context dependence and avoiding rigid definitions. Examining a person’s overall well-being, their ability to function effectively, and their adherence to shared expectations within their context might provide a more holistic understanding of their behavior.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: Psychology

Write down the prevention of mental retardation?

Esrat
EsratBegginer

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  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala
    Added an answer about 3 years ago

    The term "mental retardation" is outdated and considered offensive by many. It's important to use respectful and inclusive language when discussing disabilities. Instead, we can talk about intellectual disability (ID) or developmental disability. Preventing intellectual disability involves a multifaRead more

    The term “mental retardation” is outdated and considered offensive by many. It’s important to use respectful and inclusive language when discussing disabilities. Instead, we can talk about intellectual disability (ID) or developmental disability.

    Preventing intellectual disability involves a multifaceted approach, focusing on various factors before, during, and after birth. Here are some key areas:

    A. Preconception and prenatal care:

    1.Genetic counseling:Identifying potential genetic risks and making informed decisions about family planning.
    2. Prenatal vitamins and healthy lifestyle: Adequate folic acid intake and overall maternal health can significantly reduce the risk of neural tube defects and other developmental issues.
    3. Vaccination: Protecting pregnant women and their babies from infectious diseases like rubella and cytomegalovirus, which can harm fetal development.
    4. Avoiding harmful substances: Abstaining from alcohol, drugs, and certain medications during pregnancy can minimize risks to the developing brain.

    B. Perinatal care:

    1. Proper medical care during childbirth: Ensuring adequate oxygen supply to the baby and preventing birth injuries.
    2. Early identification and intervention: Timely screening for conditions like congenital hypothyroidism and phenylketonuria (PKU) allows for prompt treatment and potentially prevents intellectual disability.

    C. Postnatal care and environment:

    1. Nutritional support and stimulation: Providing adequate nutrition and a stimulating environment are crucial for optimal brain development in early childhood.
    2. Access to healthcare and education: Regular checkups, early intervention programs, and appropriate educational opportunities can significantly improve outcomes for individuals with intellectual disabilities.
    3. Social support and inclusion: Creating an inclusive environment that fosters acceptance and provides opportunities for participation in all aspects of life is essential for individuals with intellectual disabilities to reach their full potential.

    It’s important to remember that intellectual disability is a spectrum, and the effectiveness of preventive measures can vary depending on the underlying cause. While complete prevention may not always be possible, these efforts can significantly reduce the risk and improve the lives of individuals with intellectual disabilities and their families.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: Materia Medica

What is nature of growing pain in homeopathy language?

Esrat
EsratBegginer

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  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala
    Added an answer about 3 years ago

    The term "growing pains": It refers to neuralgic pains that occur in the limbs of some young children, often described as an ache or throb in the legs—particularly in the front of the thighs, the calves, or behind the knees. Growing pains tend to affect both legs and occur at night, sometimes even wRead more

    The term “growing pains”:

    It refers to neuralgic pains that occur in the limbs of some young children, often described as an ache or throb in the legs—particularly in the front of the thighs, the calves, or behind the knees. Growing pains tend to affect both legs and occur at night, sometimes even waking a child from sleep. Despite the name, there’s no evidence that growth hurts, and the exact cause of growing pains is unknown.

    The nature of growing pains is characterized by the following aspects:

    – Aching or Throbbing Pain: Growing pains typically manifest as an aching or throbbing sensation in the legs, often in the front of the thighs, the calves, or behind the knees.

    – Nighttime Occurrence: These pains usually occur at night and can even wake a child from sleep. They tend to affect both legs.

    – Intermittent: Growing pains are not constant; they come and go, often striking in the late afternoon or early evening and disappearing by morning.

    – Non-Growth Related: Despite the name, there’s no evidence that the pains are directly linked to periods of growth. The exact cause of growing pains is unknown, but they may be related to overuse of muscles during the day or a lowered pain threshold.

    – Not Associated with Other Symptoms: Growing pains do not typically involve swelling, redness, tenderness, fever, or other signs of systemic illness. If such symptoms are present, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider.

    Growing pains are common in preschool and school-age children and are considered a normal part of childhood development. However, if the pain persists, is severe, or is accompanied by other symptoms, it’s advisable to seek medical attention to rule out other conditions.

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Latest Activity: discuss about selection of dose and potency in case of acute and chronic disease.