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What is cell injury?
Cell injury (also known as Cell damage) is a variety of changes of stress that a cell suffers due to external as well as internal environmental changes.
Cell injury (also known as Cell damage) is a variety of changes of stress that a cell suffers due to external as well as internal environmental changes.
See lessHow we can classify necrosis with example?
When your body’s cells die of necrosis, they form different patterns and appearances. The dead cells appear one of six ways. These patterns include: 1. Coagulative necrosis- With coagulative necrosis, the dead cells remain firm and look normal for days after death. Lack of blood flow or oxygen to anRead more
When your body’s cells die of necrosis, they form different patterns and appearances. The dead cells appear one of six ways. These patterns include:
1. Coagulative necrosis-
With coagulative necrosis, the dead cells remain firm and look normal for days after death. Lack of blood flow or oxygen to any part of your body except your brain can cause coagulative necrosis.
2. Liquefactive necrosis-
With liquefactive necrosis, the dead cells partially or completely dissolve within hours of death. Then they transform into a thick, sticky liquid. The cells sometimes appear creamy yellow because pus is forming. Infections and lack of oxygen to your brain can cause liquefactive necrosis.
3. Fat necrosis-
With fat necrosis, damaged cells release enzymes, causing them to turn to liquid. The liquid cells combine with calcium, creating chalky, white deposits on the cells. Acute pancreatitis is the most common cause of fat necrosis. It can also occur in breast tissue.
4. Caseous necrosis-
With caseous necrosis, the dead cells look white and soft. They’ve been described as looking like cheese — the word caseous means “cheese-like.” Caseous necrosis is uniquely seen in the infectious lung disease tuberculosis.
5. Fibrinoid necrosis-
With fibrinoid necrosis, the dead cells appear pink and lack structure. This is because plasma proteins (fibrins) are leaking out of your blood vessel walls. Fibrinoid necrosis occurs when an autoimmune disease or infection damage your blood vessels.
6. Gangrenous necrosis-
See lessWith gangrenous necrosis, your skin appears black and is beginning to rot. Lack of blood flow to your legs can cause gangrenous necrosis. It can sometimes affect your arms and fingers too.
What is gangrene?
Death of body tissue due to a lack of blood flow or a serious bacterial infection.
Death of body tissue due to a lack of blood flow or a serious bacterial infection.
See lessWhat are the common causes of Gangrene?
Any condition that decreases your blood flow increases your chances of getting gangrene, including: 1. Diabetes. 2. Narrowed arteries (atherosclerosis). 3. Peripheral artery disease. 4. Smoking. 5. Trauma or serious injury. 6. Serious frostbite. 7. Obesity. Weakened immune system
Any condition that decreases your blood flow increases your chances of getting gangrene, including:
1. Diabetes.
See less2. Narrowed arteries (atherosclerosis).
3. Peripheral artery disease.
4. Smoking.
5. Trauma or serious injury.
6. Serious frostbite.
7. Obesity.
Weakened immune system
What are the different types of Gangrene?
It can be classified as: 1. Dry gangrene. 2. Wet gangrene. 3. Gas gangrene. 4. Internal gangrene, and 5. Necrotizing fasciitis.
It can be classified as:
See less1. Dry gangrene.
2. Wet gangrene.
3. Gas gangrene.
4. Internal gangrene, and
5. Necrotizing fasciitis.
What are the different stages of cancer?
Most cancers have four stages. The specific stage is determined by a few different factors, including the size and location of the tumor: Stage I: Cancer is localized to a small area and hasn’t spread to lymph nodes or other tissues. Stage II: Cancer has grown, but it hasn’t spread. Stage III: CanceRead more
Most cancers have four stages. The specific stage is determined by a few different factors, including the size and location of the tumor:
Stage I: Cancer is localized to a small area and hasn’t spread to lymph nodes or other tissues.
See lessStage II: Cancer has grown, but it hasn’t spread.
Stage III: Cancer has grown larger and has possibly spread to lymph nodes or other tissues.
Stage IV: Cancer has spread to other organs or areas of your body. This stage is also referred to as metastatic or advanced cancer.
What are the types of wound healing?
There are three main types of wound healing, depending on treatment and wound type. These are called primary, secondary, and tertiary wound healing.
There are three main types of wound healing, depending on treatment and wound type. These are called primary, secondary, and tertiary wound healing.
See lessWhat are the complications of wound healing?
Specific Wound Healing Complications and Interventions: 1. Infection. The most common cause of delayed healing in chronic wounds is infection. 2. Osteomyelitis. 3. Tissue Necrosis and Gangrene. 4. Periwound Dermatitis. 5. Edema and Periwound Edema. 6. Hematomas. 7. Dehiscence.
Specific Wound Healing Complications and Interventions:
See less1. Infection. The most common cause of delayed healing in chronic wounds is infection.
2. Osteomyelitis.
3. Tissue Necrosis and Gangrene.
4. Periwound Dermatitis.
5. Edema and Periwound Edema.
6. Hematomas.
7. Dehiscence.
What are the classification of embolism?
There are different types of embolism classified based on the embolic material: 1. Thromboembolism - embolism of thrombus or blood clot. 2. Fat embolism - embolism of fat droplets. 3. Air embolism (also known as a gas embolism) - embolism of air bubbles. 4. Septic embolism - embolism of pus containiRead more
There are different types of embolism classified based on the embolic material:
1. Thromboembolism – embolism of thrombus or blood clot.
2. Fat embolism – embolism of fat droplets.
3. Air embolism (also known as a gas embolism) – embolism of air bubbles.
4. Septic embolism – embolism of pus containing bacteria.
5. Tissue embolism – embolism of small fragments of tissue.
6. Foreign body embolism – embolism of foreign materials such as talc and other small objects.
7. Amniotic fluid embolism – embolism of amniotic fluid, fetal cells, hair or other debris that enter the mother’s blood stream via the placental bed of the uterus and trigger an allergic reaction.
The pathway of the embolus can have 3 different types:
1. Anterograde.
See less2. Retrograde.
3. Paradoxical.
In anterograde embolism, we say that the movement of emboli is according to the direction of blood flow. However it is otherwise in retreograde embolism, when the weight of the emboli is high enough to oppose the blood flow direction. This is usually only siginificant in blood vessels with low pressure (veins) or emboli of high weight. In paradoxical embolism or also known as crossed embolism, the embolus from veins are crossed to the arterial blood system. This is usually only found in heart defects such as septal defects between the atria or ventricles.
What are the classification of oedema?
There are many types of edema: Types include: 1. Peripheral edema: This affects the feet, ankles, legs, hands, and arms. Symptoms include swelling, puffiness, and difficulty moving certain parts of the body. 2. Pulmonary edema: This occurs when excess fluid collects in the lungs, making breathing diRead more
There are many types of edema:
Types include:
1. Peripheral edema: This affects the feet, ankles, legs, hands, and arms. Symptoms include swelling, puffiness, and difficulty moving certain parts of the body.
2. Pulmonary edema: This occurs when excess fluid collects in the lungs, making breathing difficult. This can result from congestive heart failure or acute lung injury. It is a serious condition, it can be a medical emergency, and it can lead to respiratory failure and death.
3. Cerebral edema: This occurs in the brain. It can happen for a range of reasons, many of which are potentially life threatening. Symptoms include:
headache
neck pain or stiffness
whole or partial vision loss
changes in consciousness or mental state
nausea
vomiting
dizziness
4. Macular edema: This is a serious complication of diabetic retinopathy. Swelling occurs in the macula, which is the part of the eye that enables detailed, central vision. The person may notice changes to their central vision and how they see colors.
5. Pitting edema: With this type, which can occur in peripheral edema, pressure applied to the skin leaves an indent or pit in the skin.
6. Periorbital edema: This refers to inflammation and puffiness around the eye or eyes. The puffiness is due to fluid buildup and is usually temporary.
Edema can occur in other locations as well, but those mentioned above are the most common.
See less