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How we can Diagnosis a case of uraemia?
1. Evaluates your symptoms. 2. Performs a physical exam. 3. Reviews your health history, especially your kidney health and your family history. 4. Creatinine and BUN blood tests to confirm a diagnosis of uremia. These tests check your blood for high levels of waste products. 5. Glomerular filtrationRead more
1. Evaluates your symptoms.
See less2. Performs a physical exam.
3. Reviews your health history, especially your kidney health and your family history.
4. Creatinine and BUN blood tests to confirm a diagnosis of uremia. These tests check your blood for high levels of waste products.
5. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). This rate measures your kidney function.
6. A kidney ultrasound checks the shape and size of your kidneys and looks for scarring. An ultrasound can also detect kidney blockages, such as kidney stones, or injuries. Additional tests may be needed in certain situations.
What’re common symptoms of diabetes mellitus ?
Diabetes symptoms depend on how high your blood sugar is. Some people, especially if they have prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, may not have symptoms. In type 1 diabetes, symptoms tend to come on quickly and be more severe. Some of the symptoms of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes are: 1. Feeling mRead more
Diabetes symptoms depend on how high your blood sugar is. Some people, especially if they have prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, may not have symptoms. In type 1 diabetes, symptoms tend to come on quickly and be more severe. Some of the symptoms of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes are:
1. Feeling more thirsty than usual.
See less2. Urinating often.
3. Losing weight without trying.
4. Presence of ketones in the urine. Ketones are a byproduct of the breakdown of muscle and fat that happens when there’s not enough available insulin.
5. Feeling tired and weak.
6. Feeling irritable or having other mood changes.
7. Having blurry vision.
8. Having slow-healing sores.
9. Getting a lot of infections, such as gum, skin and vaginal infections.
10. Type 1 diabetes can start at any age. But it often starts during childhood or teen years. Type 2 diabetes, the more common type, can develop at any age. Type 2 diabetes is more common in people older than 40.
How we can diagnosis a case of Diabetes Mellitus?
Tests for type 1 and type 2 diabetes: 1. Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test. This blood test, which doesn't require not eating for a period of time (fasting), shows your average blood sugar level for the past 2 to 3 months. It measures the percentage of blood sugar attached to hemoglobin, the oxygen-carRead more
Tests for type 1 and type 2 diabetes:
1. Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test. This blood test, which doesn’t require not eating for a period of time (fasting), shows your average blood sugar level for the past 2 to 3 months. It measures the percentage of blood sugar attached to hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. The higher your blood sugar levels, the more hemoglobin you’ll have with sugar attached. An A1C level of 6.5% or higher on two separate tests means that you have diabetes. An A1C between 5.7% and 6.4% means that you have prediabetes. Below 5.7% is considered normal.
2. Random blood sugar test. A blood sample will be taken at a random time. No matter when you last ate, a blood sugar level of 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) — 11.1 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) — or higher suggests diabetes.
3. Fasting blood sugar test. A blood sample will be taken after you haven’t eaten anything the night before (fast). A fasting blood sugar level less than 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) is normal. A fasting blood sugar level from 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L) is considered prediabetes. If it’s 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) or higher on two separate tests, you have diabetes.
4. Oral glucose tolerance test. For this test, you fast overnight. Then, the fasting blood sugar level is measured. Then you drink a sugary liquid, and blood sugar levels are tested regularly for the next two hours.
5. A blood sugar level less than 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) is normal. A reading of more than 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) after two hours means you have diabetes. A reading between 140 and 199 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L and 11.0 mmol/L) means you have prediabetes.
6. Urine to look for the presence of ketones. Ketones are a byproduct produced when muscle and fat are used for energy. Your provider will also probably run a test to see if you have the destructive immune system cells associated with type 1 diabetes called autoantibodies.
See lessWhat’re common symptoms present in liver cancer?
Most people don't have signs and symptoms in the early stages of primary liver cancer. When signs and symptoms do appear, they may include: 1. Losing weight without trying. 2. Loss of appetite. 3. Upper abdominal pain. 4. Nausea and vomiting. 5. General weakness and fatigue. 6. Abdominal swelling. 7Read more
Most people don’t have signs and symptoms in the early stages of primary liver cancer. When signs and symptoms do appear, they may include:
1. Losing weight without trying.
See less2. Loss of appetite.
3. Upper abdominal pain.
4. Nausea and vomiting.
5. General weakness and fatigue.
6. Abdominal swelling.
7. Yellow discoloration of your skin and the whites of your eyes (jaundice).
8. White, chalky stools.
What’re common symptoms present in BEP?
Symptoms of an enlarged prostate include: 1. Finding it difficult to start peeing. 2. Straining to pee. 3. Having a weak flow of urine. 4. "Stop-start" peeing. 5. Needing to pee urgently and/or frequently. 6. Needing to get up frequently in the night to pee. 7. Accidentally leaking urine (urinary inRead more
Symptoms of an enlarged prostate include:
1. Finding it difficult to start peeing.
See less2. Straining to pee.
3. Having a weak flow of urine.
4. “Stop-start” peeing.
5. Needing to pee urgently and/or frequently.
6. Needing to get up frequently in the night to pee.
7. Accidentally leaking urine (urinary incontinence).
8. Leaking urine can happen when you feel a sudden need to pee and cannot stop some pee leaking out before you get to a toilet. This is called urge incontinence.
9. Leaking urine can also happen when you strain. For example, when you cough, sneeze or lift a heavy object. This is called stress incontinence.
10. The most common form of leaking is when a small amount of urine dribbles into your underwear after peeing.
What’re the common symptoms present in chronic bronchitis?
Below are the most common symptoms of chronic bronchitis. But each person may have slightly different symptoms. Symptoms may include: 1. Cough, often called smoker’s cough. 2. Coughing up mucus (expectoration). 3. Wheezing. 4. Chest discomfort. 5. People with chronic bronchitis often have a cough anRead more
Below are the most common symptoms of chronic bronchitis. But each person may have slightly different symptoms. Symptoms may include:
1. Cough, often called smoker’s cough.
See less2. Coughing up mucus (expectoration).
3. Wheezing.
4. Chest discomfort.
5. People with chronic bronchitis often have a cough and make mucus for many years before they have shortness of breath.
6. Disability.
7. Frequent and severe infections that affect your airways.
8. Narrowing and plugging of your breathing tubes (bronchi).
9. Trouble breathing.
10. Bluish fingernails, lips, and skin because of lower oxygen levels.
11. Wheezing and crackling sounds with breathing.
12. Swollen feet.
13. Heart failure.
***The symptoms of chronic bronchitis may look like other lung conditions or health problems.
Which symptoms are common for COPD?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) makes breathing increasingly more difficult. But it develops slowly over many years and you may not be aware you have it at first. Most people with COPD do not have any noticeable symptoms until they reach their late 40s or 50s. Common symptoms of COPD inRead more
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) makes breathing increasingly more difficult. But it develops slowly over many years and you may not be aware you have it at first. Most people with COPD do not have any noticeable symptoms until they reach their late 40s or 50s. Common symptoms of COPD include:
1. Increasing breathlessness – this may only happen when exercising at first, and you may sometimes wake up at night feeling breathless.
See less2. A persistent chesty cough with phlegm that does not go away.
3. Frequent chest infections.
4. Persistent wheezing.
5. The symptoms will usually get gradually worse over time and make daily activities increasingly difficult.
6. Sometimes there may be periods when your symptoms get suddenly worse – known as a flare-up or exacerbation. It’s common to have a few flare-ups a year, particularly during the winter.
7. If you have a high temperature or you do not feel well enough to do your normal activities, try to stay at home and avoid contact with other people until you feel better.
8. Weight loss.
9. Tiredness.
10. Swollen ankles from a build-up of fluid (oedema).
11. Chest pain and coughing up blood – although these are usually signs of another condition, such as a chest infection or possibly lung cancer.
What’re the common symptoms present in bronchial asthma?
Asthma symptoms vary from person to person. You may have infrequent asthma attacks, have symptoms only at certain times — such as when exercising — or have symptoms all the time. Asthma signs and symptoms include: 1. Shortness of breath. 2. Chest tightness or pain. 3. Wheezing when exhaling, which iRead more
Asthma symptoms vary from person to person. You may have infrequent asthma attacks, have symptoms only at certain times — such as when exercising — or have symptoms all the time. Asthma signs and symptoms include:
1. Shortness of breath.
2. Chest tightness or pain.
3. Wheezing when exhaling, which is a common sign of asthma in children.
4. Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath, coughing or wheezing.
5. Coughing or wheezing attacks that are worsened by a respiratory virus, such as a cold or the flu.
Worsening include:
1. Asthma signs and symptoms that are more frequent and bothersome.
2. Increasing difficulty breathing, as measured with a device used to check how well your lungs are working (peak flow meter).
3. The need to use a quick-relief inhaler more often.
For some people, asthma signs and symptoms flare up in certain situations:
1. Exercise-induced asthma, which may be worse when the air is cold and dry.
See less2. Occupational asthma, triggered by workplace irritants such as chemical fumes, gases or dust.
3. Allergy-induced asthma, triggered by airborne substances, such as pollen, mold spores, cockroach waste, or particles of skin and dried saliva shed by pets (pet dander).
Which symptoms are common in pneumonia?
The symptoms of pneumonia can develop suddenly over 24 to 48 hours, or they may come on more slowly over several days. Common symptoms of pneumonia include: 1. A cough – which may be dry, or produce thick yellow, green, brown or blood-stained mucus (phlegm). 2. Difficulty breathing – your breathingRead more
The symptoms of pneumonia can develop suddenly over 24 to 48 hours, or they may come on more slowly over several days. Common symptoms of pneumonia include:
1. A cough – which may be dry, or produce thick yellow, green, brown or blood-stained mucus (phlegm).
See less2. Difficulty breathing – your breathing may be rapid and shallow, and you may feel breathless, even when resting.
3. Rapid heartbeat.
4. High temperature.
5. Feeling generally unwell.
6. Sweating and shivering.
7. Loss of appetite.
8. Chest pain – which gets worse when breathing or coughing.
What’re the symptoms present in pleurisy?
The main symptom of pleurisy is: 1. Chest pain (pleuritic pain) that feels sharp, stabbing or knife-like, coming from one specific place. It’s worse when you breathe deeply or cough and sometimes spreads to your shoulder or back. You’ll probably find yourself breathing carefully to avoid the pain. 2Read more
The main symptom of pleurisy is:
See less1. Chest pain (pleuritic pain) that feels sharp, stabbing or knife-like, coming from one specific place. It’s worse when you breathe deeply or cough and sometimes spreads to your shoulder or back. You’ll probably find yourself breathing carefully to avoid the pain.
2. Shortness of breath.
3. Cough.
4. Fever.
5. Extreme tiredness (fatigue).