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Which factors are responsible for urticaria?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin rash with red itchy bumps as a result of allergic reactions in the body. It can be caused due to an allergic reaction and the triggers include emotional stress, certain medications, infection, sunlight, food (such as nuts), dust, fabric texture, and certainRead more
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin rash with red itchy bumps as a result of allergic reactions in the body. It can be caused due to an allergic reaction and the triggers include emotional stress, certain medications, infection, sunlight, food (such as nuts), dust, fabric texture, and certain metals. Allergy is a common cause of urticaria. It is caused when the immune system responds abnormally to an otherwise harmless substance and floods the body with an inflammatory chemical known as histamine. There are two allergies frequently associated with urticaria: food allergies (most commonly nuts, shellfish, milk, eggs, wheat, and soy) and drug allergies (including those triggered by certain antibiotics like cefaclor, anticonvulsants, antifungals like clotrimazole, ibuprofen or sulfonamides).
Physical urticaria is a subset of hives in which the skin rash is provoked by specific environmental or physical stimuli such as cold, heat, pressure, vibration, friction, and sunlight. While the cause of physical urticaria is unknown, it is believed to be an autoimmune response in which the body’s cells attack otherwise normal tissues.
See lessWhat are the causative factors of diabetes mellitus?
Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases that affect how the body uses blood sugar (glucose). The main cause of diabetes varies by type. Type 1 diabetes is caused by the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas, which may be influenced by genes and environmental facRead more
Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases that affect how the body uses blood sugar (glucose). The main cause of diabetes varies by type. Type 1 diabetes is caused by the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas, which may be influenced by genes and environmental factors, such as viruses. Type 2 diabetes is caused by several factors, including lifestyle factors and genes, that lead to insulin resistance. Being overweight, obesity and physical inactivity are common risk factors for type 2 diabetes.
See lessHow we can diagnosis a case of renal colic?
Renal colic is a type of pain that occurs when urinary stones block part of your urinary tract. To diagnose renal colic, your doctor may ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical examination. They may also order imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or ultrasounds to lookRead more
Renal colic is a type of pain that occurs when urinary stones block part of your urinary tract. To diagnose renal colic, your doctor may ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical examination. They may also order imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or ultrasounds to look for the presence of stones in the urinary tract.
In some cases, your doctor may also order blood and urine tests to check for increased levels of substances that form stones in your blood or urine. These tests can help determine the underlying cause of the stone formation and guide treatment.
See lessWhat factors are responsible for renal colic?
Renal colic is a type of pain that occurs when urinary stones block part of your urinary tract. The urinary tract includes your kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Stones form when minerals or other substances build up, stick together, and create crystals. These stones can be located in any partRead more
Renal colic is a type of pain that occurs when urinary stones block part of your urinary tract. The urinary tract includes your kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Stones form when minerals or other substances build up, stick together, and create crystals. These stones can be located in any part of your urinary system — your kidneys (kidney stones), bladder (bladder stones), or ureters (ureteral stones). Depending on the size and location of the stone, renal colic can range from mild to severe.
Renal colic happens when a stone gets lodged in your urinary tract, often in the ureter. The stone stretches and widens the area, causing intense pain. A few factors increase your risk of getting urinary stones, including a diet high in substances that cause stones to form, such as oxalate or protein; a family or personal history of stones; dehydration; obesity; gastric bypass surgery; metabolic disorders; inherited diseases; hyperparathyroidism; and other conditions that can increase the amount of stone-forming substances in your body.
See lessWrite down the investigation of uraemia?
Uremia is a clinical condition associated with worsening renal function, characterized by fluid, electrolyte, hormonal, and metabolic abnormalities. It most commonly occurs in the setting of chronic and end-stage renal disease but may also occur due to acute kidney injury. To diagnose uremia, your dRead more
Uremia is a clinical condition associated with worsening renal function, characterized by fluid, electrolyte, hormonal, and metabolic abnormalities. It most commonly occurs in the setting of chronic and end-stage renal disease but may also occur due to acute kidney injury.
To diagnose uremia, your doctor may order blood tests to determine levels of various compounds and GFR in the blood to assess the severity of the condition. Urine tests may be performed to determine creatinine clearance. Urine analysis may include microscopic examination for the presence of protein, casts, blood, and pH. A radioisotope test may be performed to determine GFR.
See lessHow we can diagnosis a case of bronchogenic carcinoma?
Bronchogenic carcinoma is a type of lung cancer that originates in the bronchi or bronchioles, the passageways to the lungs. To diagnose bronchogenic carcinoma, your doctor may order imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans to identify and evaluate possible tumors. They may also recommend a biopsy tRead more
Bronchogenic carcinoma is a type of lung cancer that originates in the bronchi or bronchioles, the passageways to the lungs. To diagnose bronchogenic carcinoma, your doctor may order imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans to identify and evaluate possible tumors. They may also recommend a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. This procedure removes a tissue sample for testing in a lab.
See lessHow we can differentiate the pleurisy and pleural effusion?
Pleurisy and pleural effusion are two different conditions that can affect the pleura, which is the membrane that lines the lungs within the chest cavity. Pleurisy, also known as pleuritis, is an inflammation of the pleura. Pleural effusion, on the other hand, is a buildup of fluid in the pleural spRead more
Pleurisy and pleural effusion are two different conditions that can affect the pleura, which is the membrane that lines the lungs within the chest cavity. Pleurisy, also known as pleuritis, is an inflammation of the pleura. Pleural effusion, on the other hand, is a buildup of fluid in the pleural space.
The main difference between pleural effusion and pleurisy is the cause. Pleural effusion is caused by an accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, while pleurisy is caused by an inflammation of the pleura.
See lessHow we can differentiate the lobar pneumonia and bronchopnumonia?
Lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia are two types of pneumonia, which is an infection of one or both of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Lobar pneumonia affects one or more sections (lobes) of the lungs, while bronchopneumonia affects patches throughout both lungs. Lobar pneumonia cRead more
Lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia are two types of pneumonia, which is an infection of one or both of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Lobar pneumonia affects one or more sections (lobes) of the lungs, while bronchopneumonia affects patches throughout both lungs.
Lobar pneumonia causes acute inflammation of the entire lobe or lung, while bronchopneumonia causes patchy foci of consolidation (pus in many alveoli and adjacent air passages). Lobar pneumonia has a localized inflammation, while bronchopneumonia has a diffuse inflammation.
See lessHow we can diagnosis a case of bronchial asthma?
Bronchial asthma, or simply asthma, is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes the narrowing of the airways, leading to breathing difficulties. To diagnose asthma, your doctor will perform a physical exam to rule out other possible conditions and will ask you questions about your signs and sRead more
Bronchial asthma, or simply asthma, is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes the narrowing of the airways, leading to breathing difficulties. To diagnose asthma, your doctor will perform a physical exam to rule out other possible conditions and will ask you questions about your signs and symptoms and about any other health problems. You may be given lung function tests to determine how much air moves in and out as you breathe. These tests may include spirometry, which estimates the narrowing of your bronchial tubes by checking how much air you can exhale after a deep breath and how fast you can breathe out.
Your doctor may also order additional tests such as allergy testing, nitric oxide test, sputum eosinophils, and others to get a complete picture of how your lungs are functioning.
See lessHow we can diagnosis a case of COPD?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs, resulting in breathing difficulty, cough, mucus production, and wheezing. COPD is commonly misdiagnosed and many people who have COPD may not be diagnosed until the diseRead more
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs, resulting in breathing difficulty, cough, mucus production, and wheezing. COPD is commonly misdiagnosed and many people who have COPD may not be diagnosed until the disease is advanced.
To diagnose COPD, your doctor will review your signs and symptoms, discuss your family and medical history, and discuss any exposure you’ve had to lung irritants — especially cigarette smoke. COPD is usually diagnosed through lung function testing such as spirometry. A spirometry test measures how well your lungs are working. It’s a simple and painless test that can help diagnose COPD.
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