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How we can diagnosis a case of stable angina?
Stable angina is chest discomfort or shortness of breath caused when heart muscles receive insufficient oxygen-rich blood. It follows a regular pattern in terms of frequency, intensity, and duration and is fairly predictable, normally occurring after physical and mental exertion. To diagnose stableRead more
Stable angina is chest discomfort or shortness of breath caused when heart muscles receive insufficient oxygen-rich blood. It follows a regular pattern in terms of frequency, intensity, and duration and is fairly predictable, normally occurring after physical and mental exertion.
To diagnose stable angina, your healthcare provider will do a physical exam and ask questions about your symptoms. You’ll also be asked about any risk factors, including whether you have a family history of heart disease. An electrocardiogram (ECG) should be taken as soon as possible to check your heart. You should also be offered a test called CT (computed tomography) coronary angiography and a blood test to check for any conditions that could make angina worse, for example, anemia.
See lessHow we can diagnosis a case of unstabe angina?
Unstable angina is a type of chest pain that is unexpected and usually occurs while resting. It is caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle because the coronary arteries are narrowed by fatty buildups (atherosclerosis) that can rupture, causing injury to the coronary blood vessel. Unstable aRead more
Unstable angina is a type of chest pain that is unexpected and usually occurs while resting. It is caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle because the coronary arteries are narrowed by fatty buildups (atherosclerosis) that can rupture, causing injury to the coronary blood vessel. Unstable angina should be treated as an emergency.
The diagnosis of unstable angina is made based on the presence of symptoms suggestive of myocardial ischemia (e.g., acute chest pain), ECG findings, and the result of troponin testing. A resting 12-lead ECG should be recorded and interpreted within 10 minutes of the point of first medical contact in any patient with suspected unstable angina. In practice, a diagnosis of unstable angina should be made by a cardiologist; the diagnosis is confirmed using further diagnostic imaging, which includes invasive coronary angiography, functional (stress) testing, or coronary computed tomography angiography.
See lessWhat are the different types of angina pectoris?
Angina pectoris is chest discomfort or shortness of breath caused when heart muscles receive insufficient oxygen-rich blood. There are several types of angina, including stable angina, unstable angina, variant angina (also known as Prinzmetal's angina), and microvascular angina. Stable angina followRead more
Angina pectoris is chest discomfort or shortness of breath caused when heart muscles receive insufficient oxygen-rich blood. There are several types of angina, including stable angina, unstable angina, variant angina (also known as Prinzmetal’s angina), and microvascular angina.
Stable angina follows a regular pattern in terms of frequency, intensity, and duration and is fairly predictable, normally occurring after physical and mental exertion. Unstable angina occurs usually due to reduced blood flow because of fatty deposits (plaque) rupture or forming a clot in the coronary arteries. The symptoms worsen while at rest and may be a medical emergency. Variant angina is a rare form of angina that occurs at rest. The chest pain is caused by coronary artery spasm, a sudden constriction of a coronary artery resulting in a decrease in blood supply to the region supplied by the artery. Microvascular angina is chest pain that occurs when the small blood vessels that feed the heart muscle are not functioning properly.
See lessHow we can diagnosis a case of myocardial infraction?
A heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction, is often diagnosed in an emergency setting. If you're able to answer questions, you may be asked about your symptoms and medical history. Diagnosis of a heart attack includes checking blood pressure, pulse, and temperature. Tests are done to seeRead more
A heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction, is often diagnosed in an emergency setting. If you’re able to answer questions, you may be asked about your symptoms and medical history. Diagnosis of a heart attack includes checking blood pressure, pulse, and temperature. Tests are done to see how the heart is beating and to check overall heart health.
Tests to diagnose a heart attack include an Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), which records electrical signals as they travel through the heart. Blood tests can be done to check for certain heart proteins that slowly leak into the blood after heart damage from a heart attack. A chest X-ray can show the condition and size of the heart and lungs. An echocardiogram uses sound waves (ultrasound) to create images of the moving heart and can help identify whether an area of your heart has been damaged. Other imaging tests such as coronary catheterization (angiogram), cardiac computed tomography (CT), or Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can also be used to diagnose heart problems and show the severity of heart damage.
See lessWhat are the investigations of osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis is diagnosed based on the symptoms presented and sometimes tests to identify the causative factors. During the physical exam, your doctor will check your affected joint for tenderness, swelling, redness, and flexibility. Imaging tests such as X-rays and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRIRead more
Osteoarthritis is diagnosed based on the symptoms presented and sometimes tests to identify the causative factors. During the physical exam, your doctor will check your affected joint for tenderness, swelling, redness, and flexibility. Imaging tests such as X-rays and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can be used to get pictures of the affected joint. Analyzing your blood or joint fluid can also help confirm the diagnosis. Blood tests can help rule out other causes of joint pain, such as rheumatoid arthritis, while joint fluid analysis can determine whether your pain is caused by gout or infection rather than osteoarthritis.
See lessWhat are the causes of osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis occurs when the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones in your joints gradually deteriorates. Cartilage is a firm, slippery tissue that enables nearly frictionless joint motion. Eventually, if the cartilage wears down completely, the bone will rub on the bone. Osteoarthritis has ofRead more
Osteoarthritis occurs when the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones in your joints gradually deteriorates. Cartilage is a firm, slippery tissue that enables nearly frictionless joint motion. Eventually, if the cartilage wears down completely, the bone will rub on the bone.
Osteoarthritis has often been referred to as a “wear and tear” disease. But besides the breakdown of cartilage, osteoarthritis affects the entire joint. It causes changes in the bone and deterioration of the connective tissues that hold the joint together and attach muscle to bone. It also causes inflammation of the joint lining.
Certain factors can increase your risk of developing osteoarthritis, including:
1. Age: The risk of developing osteoarthritis increases with age.
See less2. Obesity: Carrying extra body weight contributes to osteoarthritis in several ways, and the more you weigh, the greater your risk. Increased weight puts added stress on weight-bearing joints, such as your hips and knees. In addition, fat tissue produces proteins that may cause harmful inflammation in and around your joints.
3. Joint injuries: Injuries, such as those that occur when playing sports or from an accident, can increase the risk of osteoarthritis. Even injuries that occurred many years ago and seemingly healed can increase your risk of osteoarthritis.
4. Genetics: Some people inherit a tendency to develop osteoarthritis.
5. Bone deformities: Some people are born with malformed joints or defective cartilage, which can increase the risk of osteoarthritis.
What is osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones wears down over time. Although osteoarthritis can damage any joint, the disorder most commonly affects joints in your hands, knees,Read more
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones wears down over time. Although osteoarthritis can damage any joint, the disorder most commonly affects joints in your hands, knees, hips, and spine.
Osteoarthritis is a long-term condition where the joints in your body become inflamed and damaged. Over time, the cartilage layer that protects the ends of your bones wears away and new spikes of bone develop. Without cartilage, the bones in the joint rub together, causing pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced movement.
Osteoarthritis symptoms can usually be managed, although the damage to joints can’t be reversed. Staying active, maintaining a healthy weight, and receiving certain treatments might slow the progression of the disease and help improve pain and joint function.
See lessWhat are the different complications of osteomyelitis ?
If left untreated, osteomyelitis can lead to several complications, including: 1. Bone death (osteonecrosis): Swelling from the bone infection can cut off the blood supply to the bone, causing the bone to die. 2. Gangrene: If the blood supply to a limb is cut off, the tissue in that limb can die andRead more
If left untreated, osteomyelitis can lead to several complications, including:
1. Bone death (osteonecrosis): Swelling from the bone infection can cut off the blood supply to the bone, causing the bone to die.
See less2. Gangrene: If the blood supply to a limb is cut off, the tissue in that limb can die and develop gangrene.
3. Spread of infection: The infection can spread to nearby joints, causing septic arthritis. It can also spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream.
4. Impaired growth: In children, osteomyelitis can interfere with normal bone growth.
What are the common causes of osteomyelitis?
Most cases of osteomyelitis are caused by bacteria, with staphylococcus bacteria being the most common cause. Fungi can also cause osteomyelitis, but this is less common. Germs can enter a bone in a variety of ways, including: 1. The bloodstream: Germs in other parts of your body can travel throughRead more
Most cases of osteomyelitis are caused by bacteria, with staphylococcus bacteria being the most common cause. Fungi can also cause osteomyelitis, but this is less common.
Germs can enter a bone in a variety of ways, including:
1. The bloodstream: Germs in other parts of your body can travel through your bloodstream to a bone.
2. Injuries: Severe puncture wounds or bone fractures can carry germs deep inside your body. If such an injury becomes infected, the germs can spread to a nearby bone.
3. Surgery: Direct contamination with germs can occur during surgeries to replace joints or repair fractures.
Certain factors can increase your risk of developing osteomyelitis, including diabetes, intravenous drug use, prior removal of the spleen, and trauma to the area.
See lessWhat is osteomyelitis?
Osteomyelitis is an infection of a bone. Infections can reach a bone by traveling through the bloodstream or spreading from nearby tissue. Infections can also begin in the bone itself if an injury exposes the bone to germs. Osteomyelitis causes painful swelling of bone marrow, the soft tissue insideRead more
Osteomyelitis is an infection of a bone. Infections can reach a bone by traveling through the bloodstream or spreading from nearby tissue. Infections can also begin in the bone itself if an injury exposes the bone to germs.
Osteomyelitis causes painful swelling of bone marrow, the soft tissue inside your bones. Without treatment, swelling from this bone infection can cut off the blood supply to your bone, causing the bone to die.
Smokers and people with chronic health conditions, such as diabetes or kidney failure, are more at risk of developing osteomyelitis. People who have diabetes may develop osteomyelitis in their feet if they have foot ulcers.
See less