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Asked: 3 years agoIn: , , , , , ,
AKM IMDADUL KABIR

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polyp
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    A polyp is an abnormal growth of tissue that can occur in various parts of the body, including the gastrointestinal tract, nose, throat, and uterus. In the context of health, most commonly, people refer to colon polyps. These are growths on the lining of the colon or rectum and can vary in size andRead more

    A polyp is an abnormal growth of tissue that can occur in various parts of the body, including the gastrointestinal tract, nose, throat, and uterus. In the context of health, most commonly, people refer to colon polyps. These are growths on the lining of the colon or rectum and can vary in size and shape. While most polyps are benign, meaning they are not cancerous, some types of colon polyps can develop into colorectal cancer over time if not removed. Regular screenings can help detect and remove polyps to reduce the risk of cancer.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: , , ,
AKM IMDADUL KABIR

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anaplasiadifferencedysplasia
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    Dysplasia and anaplasia are both terms that describe abnormal changes in the structure and function of cells. However, they have different degrees of severity and implications. Dysplasia is a mild form of abnormal cell growth that involves changes in the size, shape, and organization of cells. It isRead more

    Dysplasia and anaplasia are both terms that describe abnormal changes in the structure and function of cells. However, they have different degrees of severity and implications.

    Dysplasia is a mild form of abnormal cell growth that involves changes in the size, shape, and organization of cells. It is usually reversible and does not necessarily lead to cancer. Dysplasia can occur in various tissues, such as the cervix, the colon, the skin, or the breast. It may be caused by chronic inflammation, infection, or exposure to carcinogens. Dysplasia can be detected by screening tests, such as Pap smear, colonoscopy, or mammography. The treatment of dysplasia depends on its grade and location. It may involve surgery, medication, or observation.

    Anaplasia is a severe form of abnormal cell growth that involves loss of differentiation and function of cells. It is irreversible and indicates malignancy (cancer). Anaplastic cells have abnormal features, such as large nuclei, irregular shapes, rapid division, and invasion of surrounding tissues. Anaplasia can occur in any type of cancer, but it is more common in aggressive and advanced tumors. It may be caused by genetic mutations, epigenetic changes, or environmental factors. Anaplasia can be diagnosed by biopsy, where a sample of tissue is examined under a microscope. The treatment of anaplasia involves chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery.

    The main differences between dysplasia and anaplasia are:

    – Dysplasia is a mild and reversible form of abnormal cell growth, while anaplasia is a severe and irreversible form of abnormal cell growth.
    – Dysplasia does not necessarily lead to cancer, while anaplasia indicates cancer.
    – Dysplasia involves changes in the size, shape, and organization of cells, while anaplasia involves loss of differentiation and function of cells.
    – Dysplasia can be detected by screening tests, while anaplasia can be diagnosed by biopsy.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: , , , , ,
AKM IMDADUL KABIR

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differencehamartomateratoma
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    A hamartoma and a teratoma are both types of abnormal cell growths that can occur in the human body, but they have some differences in their origin, structure, and behavior. A hamartoma is a benign growth composed of mature cells from the tissue where it develops. It is usually caused by some genetiRead more

    A hamartoma and a teratoma are both types of abnormal cell growths that can occur in the human body, but they have some differences in their origin, structure, and behavior.

    A hamartoma is a benign growth composed of mature cells from the tissue where it develops. It is usually caused by some genetic disorders or mutations, such as Cowden syndrome or tuberous sclerosis. A hamartoma can grow in various organs, such as the lungs, colon, breast, or hypothalamus. It may cause symptoms depending on its size and location, such as pain, seizures, disfigurement, or organ dysfunction. A hamartoma is usually diagnosed by imaging tests, such as X-ray, MRI, or CT scan.The treatment of a hamartoma depends on its severity and location. It may involve surgery, radiation therapy, or observation.

    A teratoma is a tumor containing multiple types of tissues derived from different germ layers. It can even contain mature structures like hair and teeth. A teratoma is usually caused by an error in the development of primitive germ cells during embryogenesis. A teratoma can develop in the gonads (testes or ovaries), the tailbone, or other parts of the body. It may cause symptoms such as swelling, pain, bleeding, weakness, or constipation. A teratoma is also diagnosed by imaging tests, such as ultrasound, X-ray, or CT scan. The treatment of a teratoma involves surgery to remove the tumor. If the teratoma is malignant (cancerous), chemotherapy may also be needed.

    The main differences between a hamartoma and a teratoma are:

    – A hamartoma is composed of cells from the same tissue where it grows, while a teratoma is composed of cells from different germ layers.
    – A hamartoma is always benign (non-cancerous), while a teratoma can be benign or malignant (cancerous).
    – A hamartoma is usually associated with some genetic disorders or mutations, while a teratoma is usually due to an error in embryonic development.
    – A hamartoma can affect various organs in the body, while a teratoma mainly affects the gonads or the tailbone.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn:
AKM IMDADUL KABIR
Begginer

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dry tap
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    A "dry tap" refers to a medical procedure, specifically when a needle is inserted into a bone to extract bone marrow, but little to no fluid or marrow is obtained. This can happen due to various reasons such as bone marrow fibrosis (scarring), a lack of available marrow, or improper technique. A dryRead more

    A “dry tap” refers to a medical procedure, specifically when a needle is inserted into a bone to extract bone marrow, but little to no fluid or marrow is obtained. This can happen due to various reasons such as bone marrow fibrosis (scarring), a lack of available marrow, or improper technique. A dry tap can complicate diagnostic efforts as it might hinder the analysis of the bone marrow cells and their composition, which is important for assessing various medical conditions like blood disorders, cancers, and more.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: , , ,
AKM IMDADUL KABIR

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granulopoiesiswbc
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    Granulopoiesis is the process of production of granulocytes, a type of white blood cell (WBC) that has multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules. Granulocytes are essential for fighting infection, as they can engulf and destroy bacteria and other foreign particles. Granulopoiesis takes place in thRead more

    Granulopoiesis is the process of production of granulocytes, a type of white blood cell (WBC) that has multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules. Granulocytes are essential for fighting infection, as they can engulf and destroy bacteria and other foreign particles.

    Granulopoiesis takes place in the bone marrow and involves a series of steps, beginning with a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). The HSC differentiates into a colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), which then gives rise to a myeloblast. The myeloblast matures into a promyelocyte, then a metamyelocyte, and finally a band cell. The band cell then matures into a mature granulocyte, which can either be a neutrophil, eosinophil, or basophil.

    The entire process of granulopoiesis takes about 10 days. The rate of granulopoiesis is regulated by a number of factors, including the levels of hormones, cytokines, and growth factors.

    Here are the different stages of granulopoiesis:

    1. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC): This is the most primitive cell in the bone marrow. It has the ability to differentiate into all types of blood cells, including granulocytes.
    2. Colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM): This cell is derived from the HSC and is committed to the production of granulocytes and macrophages.
    3. Myeloblast: This is the first recognizable granulocyte precursor cell. It has a large nucleus and scant cytoplasm.
    4. Promyelocyte: This cell is larger than the myeloblast and has more cytoplasm. It also begins to develop granules.
    5. Metamyelocyte: This cell is smaller than the promyelocyte and has more mature granules.
    6. Band cell: This cell is also smaller than the metamyelocyte and has segmented nuclei.
    7. Mature granulocyte: This is the final stage of granulopoiesis. There are three types of mature granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

    Granulopoiesis is a complex process that is essential for the body’s ability to fight infection. Any disruption in granulopoiesis can lead to a decreased number of granulocytes, which can increase the risk of infection.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: , , ,
AKM IMDADUL KABIR

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causeselevatedesr
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala
    This answer was edited.

    A high ESR can be a sign of inflammation or infection. The following are some of the causes of an elevated ESR: 1. Inflammatory diseases: These include rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and polymyalgia rheumatica. 2. Infectious diseases: These include pneumonia, tuberculosis, and endocarditis. 3. Cancer:Read more

    A high ESR can be a sign of inflammation or infection.

    The following are some of the causes of an elevated ESR:

    1. Inflammatory diseases: These include rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and polymyalgia rheumatica.
    2. Infectious diseases: These include pneumonia, tuberculosis, and endocarditis.
    3. Cancer: Some types of cancer, such as lymphoma and multiple myeloma, can also cause an elevated ESR.
    4. Kidney disease: Kidney disease can also cause an elevated ESR.
    5. Heart disease: Heart failure can cause an elevated ESR.
    6. Thyroid disease: Thyroid disease can also cause an elevated ESR.
    7. Pregnancy: ESR levels are typically higher during pregnancy.
    8. Old age: ESR levels tend to increase with age.
    9. Tissue Damage: Conditions causing tissue injury, such as burns or heart attacks, can result in elevated ESR.
    10. Medications: Some medications, like corticosteroids, can influence ESR readings.
    11. Anemia.
    12. Blood clotting disorders.

    If you have any concerns about your ESR, talk to your doctor.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: , , ,
AKM IMDADUL KABIR

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causesesrreduced
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    A low ESR can be caused by a variety of factors, including: 1. Congestive heart failure (CHF). This is a condition in which the heart cannot pump blood effectively, causing fluid to build up in the lungs and other tissues. The increased fluid in the blood makes it more difficult for RBCs to settle,Read more

    A low ESR can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

    1. Congestive heart failure (CHF). This is a condition in which the heart cannot pump blood effectively, causing fluid to build up in the lungs and other tissues. The increased fluid in the blood makes it more difficult for RBCs to settle, resulting in a lower ESR.
    2. Hyperviscosity. This is a condition in which the blood is thicker than normal, due to an increase in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, or proteins. The thicker blood makes it more difficult for RBCs to settle, resulting in a lower ESR.
    3. Hypofibrinogenemia. This is a condition in which there is too little fibrinogen in the blood. Fibrinogen is a protein that helps to clump together RBCs, making them more likely to settle. A low level of fibrinogen can lead to a lower ESR.
    4. Leukemia. This is a cancer of the blood cells. Leukemia can cause a low ESR because the cancer cells can interfere with the clumping of RBCs.
    5. Low plasma protein. This can occur due to liver or kidney disease. Plasma proteins help to keep the blood fluid, and a low level of plasma proteins can lead to a lower ESR.
    6. Polycythemia. This is a condition in which there are too many red blood cells in the blood. The increased number of RBCs makes it more difficult for them to settle, resulting in a lower ESR.
    7. Sickle cell anemia. This is a genetic disorder that affects the shape of RBCs. The abnormal shape of RBCs can make it more difficult for them to settle, resulting in a lower ESR.

    It is important to note that a low ESR does not always mean that there is nothing wrong. There are many other factors that can affect the ESR, such as age, gender, and medications. If you have a low ESR, your doctor will likely do further tests to determine the cause.

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Asked: 3 years agoIn: , , ,
AKM IMDADUL KABIR

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differenceinfarctionred infarctwhite infarct
  1. Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH
    Dr Md shahriar kabir B H M S; MPH Enlightened dr.basuriwala

    White and red infarcts are terms used to describe different types of tissue damage that occur due to insufficient blood supply (ischemia) to an organ, typically the heart or other vital organs. These terms are often used in the context of heart attacks (myocardial infarctions) but can apply to otherRead more

    White and red infarcts are terms used to describe different types of tissue damage that occur due to insufficient blood supply (ischemia) to an organ, typically the heart or other vital organs. These terms are often used in the context of heart attacks (myocardial infarctions) but can apply to other tissues as well. Here’s a brief overview of the differences:

    1. Red Infarct:
    – Occurs in organs with dual blood supply or loose tissues, such as the lungs and intestines.
    – Typically seen in venous occlusions or in tissues with collateral circulation.
    – Blood stagnation and congestion lead to the infarcted area having a reddish appearance.
    – It can be associated with hemorrhage due to the leakage of blood from damaged vessels.

    2. White Infarct:
    – Occurs in solid organs with end-arterial circulation, such as the heart and spleen.
    – Typically seen in arterial occlusions.
    – Blood supply is compromised, leading to coagulative necrosis and a pale appearance.
    – There is less blood present, so hemorrhage is less likely compared to red infarcts.

    Both types of infarcts are manifestations of ischemic tissue damage, but the underlying factors, appearances, and consequences differ based on the organ involved and the blood supply characteristics.

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