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This category represents questions on miasma.
1. Lymphoid organs 2. Bone marrow 3. Thymus 4. Lymph nodes 5. Spleen 6. Tonsils 7. Mucous membranes 8. WBC 9. RBC 10. Platelets.
1. Lymphoid organs
2. Bone marrow
3. Thymus
4. Lymph nodes
5. Spleen
6. Tonsils
7. Mucous membranes
8. WBC
9. RBC
10. Platelets.
Reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity. They are usually referred to as an over-reaction of the immune system and these reactions may be damaging, uncomfortable, or occasionally fatal. Hypersensitivity reactions require a pre-sensitized (immune) state ofRead more
Reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity. They are usually referred to as an over-reaction of the immune system and these reactions may be damaging, uncomfortable, or occasionally fatal. Hypersensitivity reactions require a pre-sensitized (immune) state of the host. The Gell and Coombs classification of hypersensitivity is the most widely used and distinguishes four types of immune response that result in bystander tissue damage.
See lessIn general, two main divisions of antigens are recognized: foreign antigens (or heteroantigens) and autoantigens (or self-antigens). Foreign antigens originate from outside the body. Examples include parts of or substances produced by viruses or microorganisms (such as bacteria and protozoa), as welRead more
In general, two main divisions of antigens are recognized: foreign antigens (or heteroantigens) and autoantigens (or self-antigens). Foreign antigens originate from outside the body. Examples include parts of or substances produced by viruses or microorganisms (such as bacteria and protozoa), as well as substances in snake venom, certain proteins in foods, and components of serum and red blood cells from other individuals. Autoantigens, on the other hand, originate within the body. Normally, the body is able to distinguish self from nonself, but in persons with autoimmune disorders, normal bodily substances provoke an immune response, leading to the generation of autoantibodies. An antigen that induces an immune response.
See lessTransformation of one differentiated cell type to another differentiated cell type. The change from one type of cell to another may be part of a normal maturation process or caused by some sort of abnormal stimulus. Today, metaplastic changes are usually considered to be an early phase of carcinogenRead more
Transformation of one differentiated cell type to another differentiated cell type. The change from one type of cell to another may be part of a normal maturation process or caused by some sort of abnormal stimulus.
Today, metaplastic changes are usually considered to be an early phase of carcinogenesis, specifically for those with a history of cancers or who are known to be susceptible to carcinogenic changes. Metaplastic change is thus often viewed as a premalignant condition that requires immediate intervention, either surgical or medical, lest it leads to cancer via malignant transformation.
Immunity can be defined as a complex biological system endowed with the capacity to recognize and tolerate whatever belongs to the self and to recognize and reject what is foreign (non-self).
Immunity can be defined as a complex biological system endowed with the capacity to recognize and tolerate whatever belongs to the self and to recognize and reject what is foreign (non-self).
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