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Cause of retained placenta are:
1. Prolonged labor. (Dystocia)
2. Closure of the cervix after childbirth.
3. Constriction ring in the uterus.
4. Adherent placenta.
5. Placenta accreta
6. Placenta increta
7. placenta percent.
8. Atonic uterus.
9. Full bladder.
10. Uterine torsion.
11. Abortion.
12. Stillbirth.
13. Low blood calcium level.
14. Hypothermia.
15. Multiple births.
16. Oxytocin imbalance.
17. Anabolic steroid.
18. Mineral deficiency.
19. too short or long of gestational length.